xt7m0c4skg7s https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7m0c4skg7s/data/mets.xml The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. 1986 bulletins  English The Frontier Nursing Service, Inc. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletins Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 62, No. 2, Autumn 1986 text Frontier Nursing Service Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 62, No. 2, Autumn 1986 1986 2014 true xt7m0c4skg7s section xt7m0c4skg7s FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE    
Volume 62 Number 2 Autumn 1986  I   g
QUARTERLY BULLETIN    
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"We in the Kentucky mountains wish you each and all a blessed
Christmas season. We must all of us everywhere try to make the
children happy" — Mary Breckinridge

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TABLE OF CONTENTS `
.1
FNS Welcomes New Quarterly Bulletin Editor I I
The Rich Heritage of Our Past 2  
A Letter From Mary Breckinridge 3  
A Story About My Life —— by Fred Lewis 6 if
A Photo Gallery — by Mrs. Jefferson Patterson 10 I
Frontier Nurses Brave Wilderness to Reach I
Rural Kentucky Patients — by Tom Eblin 20 l
Notes from the School — by Ruth Beeman 24  
Beyond the Mountains — by Ron Hallman 25  
Field Notes — by Elizabeth Wilcox 27 — `
Courier News — by Elizabeth Wilcox 28 ;
Brief Notes 28
Form of Bequest 29 _
Mardi Cottage Carries On 30
Memorial Gifts 32
In Memoriam 33
Urgent Needs Inside Back Cover
Staff Opportunities Inside Back Cover
Cover: In the Autumn, 1941 Quarterly Bulletin, (Volume XVII), Mrs. Breckinridge
extended Christmas greetings to her readers. We feel her message is as valid today as it i
was in 1941, so we share it here and add our own wishes for a blessed holiday season.
Photo by Mrs, jefferson Patterson.  
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E FNS Welcomes New Quarterly Bulletin Editor
it With this, the Autumn edition of the FNS Quarterly Bulletin, we
< are pleased to welcome a new Editor, Sharon N. Hatfield.
I Sharon has been a member of the "FNS family" since the
, spring of 1982, when she and her husband, FNS Executive
‘· Director David M. Hatfield, came to Hyden from Minnesota.
Over the years, Sharon has served Frontier Nursing Service as
a volunteer in many capacities and has gained both insight and
perspective on the various facets of our organization.
‘ Sharon replaces Robert Beeman, who served in the position of
  Editor with dedication and skill from January, 1983 through the
g  previous issue.
¥  We welcome Sharon and express our thanks to Mr. Beeman for
é  a job well—done.
4
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2 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE  
The Rich Heritage of Our Past — ,
A Prologue to Our Future  
During this transitional time ofyear, many of us here at FNS find ,
ourselves nostalgically reflecting on the past one moment and  
looking to the future with new goals and ideas the next. *·*
In the previous Quarterly Bulletin we focused on the future
through Director David M. Hatfield’s editorial "Notwithstand- ;
ing" which outlined the birth of a new organizational structure ;
for FNS. F
It has been said — "The past is prologue to the future". In this 1
spirit we have chosen in this December issue to share, through .
memories, letters and photographs, some moments from the past
out of which our future will be built.
* * »s< * *
To set the mood for our first glimpse back in time, we share
with you a letter, written in the summer of 1929, by FNS founder
Mary Breckinridge to her young cousin Marvin Breckinridge,
(now Mrs. Jefferson Patterson of Washington, DC). Mrs. Breckin—
ridge requested a film which would depict and promote her work.
The request was honored and young Marvin rode 600 miles on
horseback in winter, spring and summer to do the filming,
accompanied only by a courier who led the pack mule with her
heavy equipment. The end result was a remarkable film entitled
THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER. Copies ofthe film are housed in
a number of organizations, among them, the Smithsonian, `
Division of Medical Sciences, as it shows the first nurse—mid- 1
wives in the United States and in The Library of Congress and E
The National Archives because, although filmed in 1930, it 5,
depicts life as it was on the frontier over a hundred years before {
there were movie cameras to record it. THE FORGOTTEN ,
FRONTIER has been shown hundreds of times to a wide variety i
of audiences. It never fails to delight them. It was, and remains, a Ai
classic. Still, since times change, and the modern viewer has ,
become accustomed to "Talkies", the film was updated in the 1
summer of 1986. The modern, 30 minute version is delightful with E,
music, sound and narration by Mrs. Patterson, who serves as  
Honorary National Chairman of Frontier Nursing Service and  
as a member of our Washington Committee.  
1
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E QUARTERLY BULLETIN :s
g Frontier Nursing Service
c lmwrporuted
{ l)iructor
  mus. rxmnr m<1·;r·x1N1<11>r;1a. rm.
, nw om.-.·.xm-m1..\~.·r. r.r·s1ar· <· .»r. Ky.
ih Yll(‘lI‘].{l'il])l1I Hydvn via Krypton, Ky.
Shipping Point: Huznrcl, Ky.
Y August 3, 1929
’ Miss Marvin Breckinridge,
3 Endsleigh Street,
London, W.C.I,
England.
Dear Marvin:
Here is a job I should like definitely to offer you and upon
your own terms, within reason. By that I mean that we will pay
your expenses, or a reasonable salary, or accept you as a
volunteer, upon whichever basis you prefer to work. I think the
job would suit you, because it will require real ability and will
take only a few months ofthe year out ofyour time and I believe
that you, like Kitty and Elizabeth, prefer work that gives you
several months’ freedom a year.
As you know, the Film Bureau presented us with a moving
— picture when we werejust one year old. And most ofit is now out
, of date. We bought a projector and also a standard movie
  camera. Martha took some lessons in how to take pictures, with
E} the idea of keeping the film up—to-date with new scenes, as our
Y work expanded, and especially of securing some scenes during
l the bad winter weather, as none of that is represented in the
° first film at all. She got a few pictures, which are fairly good, but
pr married and that fell through. Nobody attached to our
. organization now knows anything about taking moving
if pictures and, though Elizabeth Perkins wants to help and to
  cooperate, she cannot send someone like Sophia down to stay
  indefinintely in the dead of winter, picking up difficult
§
sl

 4 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
situations. We are not going to get a representative picture, ·
however, until that has been done. It is, of course, impossible for
us to afford the commercial organizations. V.
Now, my suggestion to you is that you come into our  
organization after you return to America for six months. If the ’*'
people from New York are coming down, come with them, as a 3
courier, and take them about, thus getting familiar with the  
new field we have been opening since you were here and which  
includes one new center we are now building, the second on Red
Bird River. Then go back to New York and learn how to take
moving pictures, carrying our big camera with you. Ofcourse, I
know you take them as a good amateur, but we want first-class
pictures of the professional style. Through Elizabeth Perkins,
you can get in the studios, as Sophia Smith did, and learn how
to take really good pictures. Stay as long as it is necessary for
that. Then come back to us and spend the Christmas season,
when some of the most effective pictures could be taken. You
can return to New York in January, if you like, to get further `
instruction, based upon your work; but you would have to come i
back to the field for February, as that is much our most difficult  
month, with endless rising streams and wonderful opportunities `
for photographic effects. The work of the nurses at that season ,
is also extraordinarily difficult. It would be your task to live in  
that work and interpret it through pictures to the outside world.
Your final task could be done in New York and that would be
to take all of your new material and such parts of the old as
could be kept to advantage and put together a rattling good
film. This wouldn’t be done in time, of course, for my tours this It
year, as it won’t be ready until spring, but it would be ,·—
invaluable to us the following year.  
In order to vary my presentation of the work this year, we {
are getting a good stereopticon machine and I am having slides li
made from our own kodak pictures, so I will talk with
stereopticon pictures this year and next year we will have a
gorgeous movie. In fact, you ought to be able, in working up the
movie, to prepare one set of films with such good titles that it ,’
can be shown by anyone anywhere and would not require a  Y
speaker. Ifthis is really well done, it would be the greatest relief Y
to me of anything that has ever happened to the organization. ,
Now, this work is something we are going to have done this  I
I
I

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN  
  winter by somebody, as it must be done, but I don’t know
 I anyone so peculiarly well-fitted to do it as you and I hope very
much you will undertake it. If you think it more suitable to work
  on a business basis, we are, of course, glad to pay you a very
Liv good salary, because I am sure your work will be outstanding
g and it will be worth a great deal of money to us. Once you have
,_ mastered the technicalities of the business (which could be
g} done by any intelligent person), then your special and most
valuable contribution will come into play, which is your ability
to group and title the pictures effectively into a brilliant whole.
That is where the average technician would fall down com-
pletely and that is something we would want to leave wholly in
your hands.
Think it over and let me know as soon as you can, because if
you can’t do it, we would have to find someone else and that is
not going to be easy.
I Belle’s and Jayhugh’s daughter Nellie has a new baby,
$ named Mary Marvin in honor of you and me both, and it is a
· very jolly looking baby.
5 Affectionately your cousin,
g he ¤/LK?  
s
ll
1

 as FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE _
Following are excerpts from the boyhood recollections of Mr. I
Fred Lewis. Mr. Lewis grew up in Leslie County, Kentucky in the  
1920’s and ’30’s. His stories were written especially for his »
children, but we too can benefit, for through his eyes we can  _
catch a glimpse of life as it was for many people who were served  »
by the FNS nurse—midwife back in the early days of the Service. ` ‘
Today Mr. Lewis, a retired coal miner, resides in Big Laurel, 5
Kentucky. His interest in history is reflected through his
extensive collection of memorabilia which is housed in his very ‘
own Lewis Mountain Museum. He is also a dealer in antiques.
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis are active members of the FNS Pine
Mountain Clinic Committee. Mrs. Lewis serves as chairperson of
the group.
>i=   Ni
A Story About My Life
To my children and friends for their benefit.
by Fred Lewis
As far back as I can remember we lived in Leslie County,
Kentucky. We lived in Cutshin, about three miles from the post p
office and about the same distance from a store and school. I
started in school at Big Rock. We had one large room with all ‘
grades — one through eight all taught together. We had a large ’·
potbellied stove set near the center to heat the school. They would
hire someone to come early and start a fire so the room would be .
warm when the rest got there. I think he got twenty-five cents a
week to start the fire and was glad for that. Wood was the fuel.
Water was a problem. We had to carry it in a bucket about
one-half mile from the school. The bucket held about two gallons.
The teacher would send two boys to carry the water. The two -.
gallons would not last long with several children.  
We had a few days for school on wet days when we could not i
work in the mountain corn field. We had to stay home to help with It
farming, planting, hoeing and gathering. We did not have much
time for school. We had to farm. If we did not make it, we did not i
eat. When the fodder got ready to pull we had to do that. Fodder is I
the corn blades. We would put it between the stalks to dry. In four I
or five days we had to tie it in small bundles so we could handle it.  
One bundle was enough feed for a cow or mule. We would haul it i
with a mule near the house and barn and stack it around a small  l
pole we had put in the ground. The pole was about 25 feet long. We I

 . QUARTERLY BULLETIN 7
0 would put about 300 bundles to the pole. From the corn ear to the
¥ top, we call "tops". We would cut them and tie them in bundles and
0 haul them to the barn and the stack. I remember once we had
 L thirteen stacks of fodder and tops together and then a rail fence
· · had to be put around that. That was hard work for boys.
There were more times out of school just before frost. Cane had
K to be "ginned". That was to pull all fodder offthe cane and carry it
to the mill. Gin was to put the cane between two large round metal
rollers and a mule would turn the rollers around. That would
squeeze out the cane juice. When we got thirty or forty gallons of
juice we would put it in a large home-made pan of copper and boil
it for several hours. Then it would become molasses. That would
last about one or two weeks. Molasses was used for sugar. Just
about everyone had a patch of cane. A small family would try for
six or seven gallons and a large family would go for fourteen
gallons or more to last from one season to the next.
We would raise our own tobacco, beans, corn, potatoes and
cane. Tobacco, for those who chewed it, took about 200 plants. We
. would plant at least one-half acre of"taters". We had no fertilizer.
It took a lot of taters to do us. The ground was weak and would not
  produce much. They were small. We would dig a hole in the ground
“ and put the taters in to keep them from freezing. Sometimes we
would also hole up apples, turnips, beets and cabbage.
· Back to the corn fields, in the fall we would gather the corn in a
sled. It would hold about five or six bushels. Sleds [the runners]
were made ofa natural crooked pole of wood. Sourwood would last
a long time. The rest was made of oak. We would put a large chain
on the runner so it could not run down the mountain and hurt the
l` mule. The chain would hold the sled back ’til we got off the
§ mountain. Then we would take it off.
I We had to fence all of the corn land and garden to keep the
lil stock out. The house was on the outside ofthe fence. In winter, our
, old milk cows would get as close as they could to the chimney to
l keep warm. The hogs would come in and make them a bed under
 A the house to keep warm. Late at night they would come and fight
 , one another for the bed. They would scare us kids almost to death,
` but we had to have all of these things to live.
by  In the summer for money we would dig wild roots from the
i mountains. We would take all the children big enough to work.
I With coffee sacks to put the roots in, we would hunt wild ginger,

 8 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
blood root and ginseng. At the days end, we would come home and °
wash all the roots in the creek and put them on top of our house
(board roof) for quick drying. In three or four days of sunshine, I
they were ready for sale at the local store. We would get one to I
three cents a pound for it in trade at the store. We would carry  ‘
them by mule—sacks full of the stuff.  V
We would eat just about any kind of wild game. There were a  li
few wild hogs. People would mark their hogs or pigs when they I
were young. They knew they would go wild. We would go wild-hog
hunting and if the hog was not marked, anybody could claim and
kill them. We would send back for a mule to pull them back home.
There were eight boys and one girl in our family. My mother
had a time taking care of us. Washing clothes was a job. She had
no washing machine or wash board. She would take them to the
creek with home-made soap. She would wet them good and put
soap on them. Then she would put them on a rock or log and I
would beat them with a battling stick until they would come
half-way clean. Mother would have to patch our overalls over and
over. They would almost be like a quilt. She would mend our shoes .
with leather from a ground hog hide and they would last a long
time again. In summer we would shear the sheep. We would wash ·
the wool, pick out burrs, card and spin into yarn. Mother would
knit our socks for all eleven of us and sometimes mittens or a  
sweater. She didn’t have much time left. .
Winter was a terrible time. We burned wood. Horace [brother] `
and myself would have to get the wood. It would take us all day to ‘
get wood to last that night. We had to chop wood with an ax. We
had no saw. When the ax got dull and wouldn’t cut, we had no file, ,
but we did have a grinding rock. It was a large round rock with a  
crank. One would hold the ax to the rock and the other would turn  
the crank. Hours of this and the ax would become sharp. ?_
We had no form of church, no bibles, no song books. Sometimes  
a preacher would come through and preach at somebody’s house.  I
Once a year they would preach at the graveyard. I remember
people riding mules, horses and walking for many miles for that E
meeting. Maybe twenty-five to fifty mules and horses were
hitched near the place. It would last nearly all day. I remember ,
one man would read the song verse by verse, and the people would
sing what he had read. They call this type singing "lining the j 
song". The old hymn "Amazing Grace" was everybody’s favorite ~

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN 9
l song. Money was scarce. We didn’t believe in paying to preach. We
thought he should work like everybody else. This type of church
Y went on for years. I believe most everybody was happy the way
_ things was. The roads came and the missionary and educated
 · preacher. Things changed and has never been the same. Maybe
. good, maybe not. I don’t know.
  I hope these thoughts will let everyone who reads this know a
l*l little bit about life here many years ago. We really didn’t know we
were having a hard life. We thought it was just a way of
life . . . and it was for us ....
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Mr. Fred Lewis relaxes on the porch of the Lewis Mountain Museum.
* * *
V It seems appropriate to conclude our visit to the past with a series of
 [ still photographs taken in the 1930’s by Mrs. Jefferson Patterson. They
are highlighted by the words of Mr. Fred Lewis.

 10 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
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. . . As far back as I can remember, we lived in Leslie County, Kentucky . . .

 QUARTERLY BULLETIN ll
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l . . . We had one large room with all grades . . . one through eight all together.
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1

 12 FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
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