xt7mkk94903k https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7mkk94903k/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1958 journals 061 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.61 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.61 1958 2014 true xt7mkk94903k section xt7mkk94903k     V · V pq » - ; A
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  f Performance Test 1957  
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RESULTS OF THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN
PERFORMANCE TEST IN 1957
¢_ F. A. Loeffel, J. F. Shane and
" H. R. Richards
_ The objective of the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance
Test is to provide an unbiased estimate of the relative per-
A formance of corn hybrids being sold in Kentucky. This infor- i
V mation may then be used by farmers, seedsmen and research and
extension personnel in determining which hybrid most nearly
possesses the characteristics which are desired or required
for a specific situation. The need for the University of
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station to obtain this infor-
7 mation may be seen by the continuing shift to hybrids by the ,
· farmers of Kentucky. In 1957, over 9h percent of the Kentucky
corn acreage was planted to hybrids.
Excessive moisture was more of a problem than drouth
, during the 1957 crop season in Kentucky. Rainfall during the .
` period from April through September totaled 26.56 inches for
I the state. This is b.3O inches more than last year and 3.65
‘ inches above average. For the state as a whole, rainfall was
below normal in both July and August and especially so in
August. The growing season rainfall was b3 percent above av-
. erage in the west end of the state while the eastern area was
slightly below average. The 1957 rainfall distribution was
3 the reverse of the 1956 pattern when the eastern portion re-
ceived more generous amounts of rain than the western half.
The excessive rainfall during May and June delayed corn
planting and necessitated some replanting of corn. Less than
_ half was planted by June 15 in the important corn producing
counties of western Kentucky. Much corn was planted in the
river bottoms after July l. In spite of these adverse condi-
` tions the average yield of hl.O bushels for the state is
, second only to the record yield of h6.0 bushels recorded in
1956.
The average yield for all hybrids at all locations in
· 1957 was 88.1 bushels. The average yield for all entries in
the western area was 96.h bushels and was 79.7 bushels for
; eastern Kentucky. Hopkinsville had the highest test average
_ of 112.8 bushels and Lexington the lowest with 62.2 bushels.
__ (1)
Q.

 r
Experimental Methods Q;
The performance test was conducted at six locations
which represent corn producing areas typical of the state.
These locations together with the name of the cooperator are
listed on the inside of the front cover. These testing sites
are grouped by geographical location into a western and east- T
ern area for convenience in presenting the data. The western __ .
area summary consists of data averaged from Wickliffe, Owens- `
boro and Hopkinsville. Campbellsville, Lexington and Quick-
sand results are averaged for the eastern Kentucky summary.
Fifty-six hybrids which are available to the farmers of -
Kentucky through commercial trade channels were compared.
These hybrids which were developed by state and federal agencies
and by privately controlled seed companies are listed in table ...6
1. Infonmation concerning the seed source of the hybrid, the
kernel color and the type of cross are presented. The type
of hybrid is designated as follows: double cross, MX; three-
way cross, 3X and a single cross as 2X. Fifty-four double
crosses, l three-way cross and l single cross were evaluated
this year.
` The pedigrees of hybrids developed by state and federal
agencies are listed in table 2. Agronomic information per-
taining to the testing locations is presented in table 3. Per- ,- .
formance data of the hybrids are presented by area for periods °
of one and two years in tables h-?. The hybrids are listed _
in order of moisture content at harvest within groups based
on kernel color. The hybrid with the lowest moisture content
is listed first.
‘x
Field Design. __
Each hybrid was planted in D plots at each of the six *
locations with individual plots being 2 hills wide and 5 hills K
long. These plots were located in different parts of the test-
ing field to minimize cultural and soil differences.
Yield. 4
The corn from each plot was harvested and weighed individ-
ually. The yield of the hybrids was determined and is reported l.
on the basis of bushels of shelled corn per acre with a moisture
content of 15.5 percent. The hybrids which varied from 15.5
percent were adjusted tc yield accordingly. Adjustments were
made also for missing hills but not for other variation in
stand. Therefore, the yields at each location reported in this
progress report constitute an average yield of the M plots after
all adjustments were made.
:
Moisture. ‘
'The moisture content at harvest is the best measure of ’
relative maturity of hybrids which is available. A hybrid may
be considered to be earlier than a second hybrid if its moisture
(2) •

 . P ‘ [
azf content at harvest is consistently lower. Maturity thus deter-
_ mined is not absolute but is relative to the hybrids being i
compared.
The moisture in the grain of individual hybrids was deter-
ig mined at harvest by removing 2 rows of kernels from each of 8
ears selected at random from each of the first three replications.
$ The grain from the Zh ears was thoroughly mixed and the moisture
content of a 100 gram sample was determined with a Steinlite
moisture meter. °
Erect Plants . ,
The percent erect plants is considered to be an estimate
, ‘: of the resistance of a hybrid to the total insect and disease
complex affecting standing ability. This value is obtained by
$· counting plants with stalks broken between the ear bearing node
and ground level and those which lean from the base at an angle
V of more than 3O degrees from the vertical. This su  is subtract-
'_ ed from the plants present and the difference divided by the `
"“ ```” total plants present to give the percent erect plants.
· · Ear Height.
_· Ear height, distance from the base of the plant to the
point of attachment of the upper ear, was measured visually A
.4 using a scale with one foot intervals. Visual ratings were
taken on four plots of each hybrid at each location.
Stand.
All tests were planted at the rate of S kernels per hill
and the resulting plants thinned to 3 per hill. The percent
`· stand was computed on the basis of the total plants present
_ divided by the number of plants which would have been present
*‘ if all had survived. .
Interpretation
Since the performance of hybrids vary with environmental
» conditions which change from season to season and from location
to location, one should exercise due caution in drawing con-
` r clusions from a single test conducted during any one year. A
hybrid may be outszanding at one location but inferior under
a different set of conditions. Therefore, one should study
carefully the results from several years before making a
major change in a choice of a hybrid to plant. However, the
results from a single year should not be entirely ignored since
` such conditions of drouth and excessive moisture normally are
J not of an annual occurrence. Information from tests grown
* under these and other abnormal conditions is extremely valuable.
I Planting a small acreage of a new hybrid, in comparison
with the hybrid or hybrids presently grown a year before a major
change is made, is suggested. Yields should be determined and
s other observational notes recorded during the growing season on
I the hybrids being compared.
{_ (2)

 *7
Table 1. Hybrids tested in 1957.
 
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids —·—
   
AES 801 Y MX Agricultural Experiment.
AES 805 Y MX Station (North Central) ’ 1
Bartlett &. O'Bryan W—23 W Mx Bartlett & O'Bryan
Y-120 Y Mx Owensboro, Kentucky
Broadbent 235A W MX Broadbent hybrids
337 W MX Cobb, Kentucky ¤
MOZA Y MX
M06 Y Mx
DeKalb 3X2 Y 3X DeKalb Agricultural Ass'n
805 Y 2X DeKalb, Illinois
852 Y MX I
856 Y Mx
1 an Y hx
893 Y MX Q,
925 W MX
1002 Y bx _ i
Funk G-91 Y MX Columbiana Seed Company
G-13M Y MX Eldred, Illinois
G-512W W Mx .
Hagan H-7 Y Mx R. M. Hagan E,
H-9 Y Mx Owensboro, Kentucky
Ind. 750B W Mx Purdue University Agricultural
8MMD Y MX Experiment Station, Lafayette
Indiana
Ky 102 Y MX University of Kentucky
103 Y Mx Agricultural Experiment Static
105 Y MX Lexington, Kentucky
106 Y Mx
106A Y Mx
203 W MX
20M W Mx
Meacham M-5 W MX Meacham's Koreandale Farms A
M-7 W MX Morganfield, Kentucky it
M—99Y Y MX
(M) A
e

 , in _·
“ Oh LM1 Y Mx Ohio Agricultural Experiment n
LS1 Y Mx Station, Wooster, Ohio
P.A.G. M01 Y MX Pfister Associated Growers,
$ MMM Y MX Inc., Aurora, I11. and
MBS ‘ Y Mx Huntsville, Alabama
’# 631w w Mx
633w W Mx
Pioneer 300 Y MX Pioneer Corn Company '
301A Y Mx Tipton, Indiana
302 Y MX Y
, “ 309A Y MX
_ 312A Y MX
A 3MS W MX
$05 w Mx
x-2990 Y MX
ly Stull 1OOY Y MX Stull Brothers, Inc., ‘
10lY Y MX Sebree, Kentucky
_ 111Y Y MX
M Mom: w Mx
{ U.S. 13 Y Mx Experiment Station (U.S.D.A.)
p 523W W MX
V.P.I. M26 Y Mx Virginia Agricultural
V.P.I. 6M6 Y MX Experiment Station,
Blacksburg, Virginia
5
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4 A
°· (5)

 Table 2. Pedigrees of Experiment Station and U. 5. EU
hybrids tested in 1957·
Hybrids Pedigree *
mss 801 (WF9 11 B7)(B1O 11 0111)
Ass 805 (HF9 11 38-11)(c103 x 011115)
11111. 75013 (K111 11 Kbh)(33-16 x 1121) ‘ i
Ind. 8L1J.1D (NP9 x 38-11)(Tr x Hy) Q!
Ky 102 (Kys x 38-11)(x11 x 1.317) 1,
Ky 103 (wF9 x 38-1l)(Kh x L317)
Ky 105 (TB x CI21E.)(38-11 x Oh 713)
Ky 106 (111*9 x 38-11)(01211a x 1.317)
Ky 10611. (111*9 11 36-11)(c1211z 11 011111)
Ky 203 (M2? X Ky122)(33-16 x Ky 119)
·— xy 2014 (11611 x 33-16)(1155 x xy 201) »
Oh 1.111 (w1·`9 x HY)(Oh hl x 01111013) .
Oh 1.51 (wm 11 Hy)(Oh 113 x 011115) *
U.S. 13 (111*9 x 38-11)(xy x 1.317) A
U.S. 52311 (1155 11 K6}4)(K1Y27 x 110*119) 1
v.1=.1. 1126 (11159 x C103)(Oh 113 x Oh 115)
V.P.I. 6116 (111*9 x T8)(38-11 x (3103) .1
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Table 8. Forty-five years of progress in Kentucky com production. Q
Total
Harvested Average production Hybrid .
acres yield bushels acreage 5*
Ye ar thous ands bu. / acre thousands % 1
1913-1917 3,680 211.8 91,505 0 1
1918-1922 3,1110 23.8 81,1110 0
1923-1927 3,100 211.2 71.1,936 0 v
1928-1932 2,923 20.6 60,385 0 _’
1933-1937 2,798 22.1 61,728 O.2
1938-19112 2, 580 27.0 69,681 10.1 1
19113-19117 2,3211 31.0 12,030 59.6 1
19118-1952 2,3211 36.2 63,100 811.9 _
1953-1957 1,9111 39.5 711,982 92.2 .. `
 
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CORN PRODUCTION POINTERS
1. Select good, deep, fertile soil that is least subject to _
erosion. V
2. Test soil to determine fertility program. ‘
3. Select an adapted hybrid that fits into the farm program.
h. Prepare a good seedbed. ; ·'
5. Plant on time. =_
6. Get a good stand:
a. Match planter plates to grade of corn. ,
b. Adjust number of stalks per acre to fertility level.
c. Guard against germination injury from starter fertilizer.
Do not place seed in contact with fertilizer.
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7. Control insects.
B. Control weeds. Practice shallow cultivation and only when { A
necessary to control weeds.
9. Side-dress with nitrogen for top yields.
10. Determine your corn yield - - the first 30 bushels produced 5
per acre usually is required to pay expenses of production.
Q.
ll. Reduce harvest losses.
l2. Follow safety practices to avoid personal injury.
13. Protect stored corn from insects and rodents.
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