xt7mpg1hmw7j https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7mpg1hmw7j/data/mets.xml The Kentucky Teachers Association The Kentucky Teachers Association 1956 journals English The Kentucky Teachers Association Kentucky Negro Educational Association Journal African Americans -- Education -- Kentucky -- Periodicals The Kentucky Teachers Association (KTA) Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, January-February 1956 text The complete set of originals are at Kentucky State University Library. The Kentucky Teachers Association (KTA) Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, January-February 1956 1956 1956 2021 true xt7mpg1hmw7j section xt7mpg1hmw7j
3a
f
OFCIOIAL ORGAN O
FEBRUARY,
1956
JANUARY
VOL. 3
Serving Together to Preserve Our Democracy
“An Equal Educational Opportunity for Every Kentucky Child"
Lincoln
Institute
Lincoln Ridge, Kentucky
“A” Rated High School
Courses:
Regular High School Subiects
Vocations (Engineering. Bldg.
Trades, Home Economics. In-
dustrial Arts and Agriculture)
Pre-Nurse Training —. Music
CO erce , , lvliflllJ/Kl.
A safe. healthy and friendly , Va‘;‘j’J:m
home for any child. . , . unvanwmfri'r
KENTUCKY
STA TE COLLEGE
INVITES YOU TO COLLEGE LIFE
IDEALLY LOCATED
FULLY ACCREDITED
REASONABLE IN COST
BEAUTIFUL AND SPACIOUS
MODERN AND WELL-EQUIPPED
COURSES THAT WILL INTEREST YOU
PART-TIME STUDENT EMPLOYMENT
FULL PROGRAM OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Next registration dates:
Summer School —— June 4. 1956
First Semester
Freshmen and new students — September 17. 1956
All others — September 19. 1956
DON'T WAIT 5
Write today to: Dean and Registrar
Kentucky State College. Frcmkfort. Kentucky
The K. T. A. Journal
Vol. 3 January- Febluaiy,1956 N0 2
Published by the Kentucky Teachers’ Association
Editorial Office at 1925 W. Madison Street
Louisville, Kentucky
Mrs. Anita VJ. Robinson, Executive Secretary, Louisville, Managing Editor
E. T. Buford. Bo vling Green, President of K. T. A.
Atwood S. Wilson, Louisville, Associat te Editor
Robert S. Lawery, Louisville, Assistant Editor and Business Manager
\Vhitney M. Young, Lincoln Ridge, Contributing Editor
Mrs. B. L. Douglas, Louiville, Contributing Editor
Put 1 pi hed Bimonthly during the school year October, December, February
and April
Membership in the K. T. A, (Four Dollars) includes subscription to the
I-ournal
PRICE $2.00 PER YEAR OR 50 CENTS PER COPY
Rates for Advertising space mailed on request
Present Circulation, 2,000 Copies 1955 K. T. A. Membership 1420
CONTENTS
TIA. Committees for 1956 “W, ..L,..-._..,....__-___; _____________________ , __________ 2
Editorial Comment ................... . ........................ . ___________________________ 3
Our Cover Page
A Call To Greatness
Negroes and Jobs ,
Your K. T. A. Membership
Outline of the 1956 K. T. A. Convention ______________________________________________ 5
Financial Report of the K. T. A. _______________________________________________________ 6
Flesch Found A Willing Audience s.____.",e-__,..,___.___5’ _________________________ 7
Teachers and the N A A C P L-.. _____________________________ . _________________________ 8
College Education In Kentucky _______________ ‘ _________________ . ____________________ 9
Future Teachers of America ”find"--.___-7-_-m.M-_________.._____e_____4~ec~,_'__10
Dr. Ralph Bunche Speaks In Louisville ____________ '-f—————-——‘ _________ , ____________ . ”-11
K. T. A. Kullings _~________________..-___W___________———————_«———__________~_ _______ 13
K. T. A. Honor Roll ______________________________ _ __ 15
Doings In The Districts ___H__L"_,-___-L____H___~_-___-_______’ _____________________ 16
Speaking of Integration ____‘ ________ ; ______________________________________________ 17
President Makes Plea for Civil Rights ____________________________________ V _________ L_17
Chuches and Integration _______________________________________________________ -:_18
THE K. T. A. JOURNAL ' PAGE ONE
KIA. GUMMITIEES FOR 1955
(By E. T. Buford, President)
LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE:
President R. B. Atwood, Frankfort, Chair—
man
Prof. C. B. Nuckolls, Ashland
Prof. Steve Samuels, Bardstown
Prof. I. V, Robinson, Elizabethtown
Prof. Frank Simpson, Elkton
Prof. O. W. White, Maysville
Prof. Lester Mimms, Earlington
Prof. H. C. Mathis, Drakesboro
Prof. William Summers, Danville
,Prof, Carl Walker, Hazard
Pat. 1. H. Bronaugh, Hopkinsville
Prof. I. Wayman Hackett, Louisville
Mrs. M. C. Adams, Hopkinsville
Mrs, Dorothy Wilson, Frankfort
Mrs, Virginia McDonald, Louisville
Miss Clara Clelland, Harrodsburg
Prof. KHLIBr—Kirkewood,’ Henderson
Atty: H. S. McAlpin, Louisville, Consult-
ant
RESEARCH COMMITTEE:
Dr. G. D. Wilson, Frankfort, Chairman
Mrs. Maude Brown Porter, Louisville
Mrs. William Wood, Harlan
Mr. R. L. Wilson, Stanford
Mr. C. L. Timberlake, Paducah
Prof. Carl Barbour, Louisville
Mrs. M. l. Eggester, Paducah
Mr. Sam B. Taylor, Frankfort, Advisory
Member
RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE:
Prof. H. E. Goodloe, Owensboro, Chair-
man
Prof. W. H. Perry, Louisville
Mr. Richard Livers, Bloomfield
Prof. L. I. Buckner, Hopkinsville
Dr. Lloyd Alexander, Frankfort
rs. Pearl Arnett, Madisonville
Mrs. Mary F. Thompkins, Hopkinsville
Mrs. Cleopatra Adams, Louisville
COMMITTEE ON RURAL SCHOOL
PROBLEMS:
Mrs. Mamye Morris, Louisville, Chairman
Mrs. Ora Lee Curry, Columbia
Mrs. Iola Morrow, Elkton
Mrs. Blanche Elliott, Greenville
Mrs. Veda Denning, Bowling Green
Mrs. Ethel Lomax Brown, Ieffersontown
Prof. T. A. West, Hopkinsville
PAGE TWO
NECROLOGY COMMITTEE:
Prof. G. V. Curry, Ienkins, Chairman
Prof. L. A. Diggs, Louisville
Mrs. M. T. Nelson, Richmond
Mrs. Lucile Woods, Glasgow
Mrs. Roberta Wylie, Ho‘pkinsville
Mrs. V. M. Schofield, Mayfield
SCHOLARSHIP LOAN FUND COMMITTEE:
Prof. H. S, Osborne, Princeton, Chairman
Prof. F. L. Baker, Lexington
Prof. E. W. Whiteside, Paducah
Prof. W. M. Wood, Harlan
Prof. W. O. Nuckolls, Providence
Miss Osceola DaWSon, Paducah
TEACHER RETIREMENT AND SOCIAL
SECURITY:
Prof. I. Andrew Bishop, Louisville, Chair—
man
Miss Alice Samuels, Frankfort
Mrs, Leslie Smith, Drakesboro
Mrs. Margaret Simmons, Paducah
Mrs. Emma B. Horton, Ashland
Miss Arletta Bacon, Hopkinsville
Prof. Arnold Wright, Frankfort
VOCATIONAL TRAINING COMMITTEE:
Prof. M. W. Taylor, Paducah, Chairman
Prof. Frank Shauntee, Frankfort
Prof. Arthur Johnson, Louisville
Prof. Robert Banks, Hopkinsville
Prof. Newton Thomas, Horse Cave
COMMITTEE ON INTEGRATION AND
MERGER
Dr, Atwood S. Wilson, Chairman
Dr. R. B. Atwood, Frankfort
Dr. G. D. Wilson, Frankfort
Prof. I. A. Matthews, Benham
Prof. William Reed, Paris
Mrs. Agnes Duncan, Louisville
Mrs. Clara Taylor, Lexington
Mr. H. E. Goodloe, Owensrboro
Dr. C. H, Parrish, Louisville
COMMISSION ON TEACHER EDUCATION
AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS:
Dr. Whitney Young, Lincoln
Chairman
Prof. P. L. Guthrie, Lexington
Mrs. Minnie Hitch, Frankfort
Prof. Alfred W. Eason, Frankfort
Mrs. G. M. Whitney, Hopkinsville
Mr. C. L. Timberlake, Paducah
Mrs. Clara Clelland, Harrodsburg
Prof. Hughland Gumm, Franklin
AUDITOR: Prof. M. I. Sleet
THE K. T. A.
Ridge,
JOURNAL
EE:
tan
air—
an
ION
lge,
NAL
Editorial Comment
OUR COVER PAGE
On the front cover of this KTA Journal is a picture showing Sergeant Iames Closson
giving Private Lessie Smith a big hug on lanuary ll, 1956. After the two members of
the llth Airborne Paratroopers landed safely at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Closson's
chute failed to open from a 3000 foot drop and Smith grabbed the lines as Closson Went
by, carrying him safely to earth. For this act of heroism and display of true brother-
hood, Brigadier General loe Sti-lwell, lr., who led the jump, promoted Lessie Smith to the
rank oi Private First Class.
This happening is evidence that integration in the armed forces has been a success-
ful project. Our white and Negro youth are being trained together and they have al-
ready fought together in non—segregated troops on the Korean front. Prior to induction
these same youth are to be educated in the public schools of America. Is it not logical
that they attend school together? If they can die together for America, why not permit
them to be educated together for America?
When President Harry S. Truman announced a program of integration in the armed
forces, there was much fear and speculation. When Iackie Robinson was assigned to
the Brooklyn Dodgers to play baseball in the National League along with white young
men of America, there was again fear, anxiety, and speculation. So “much" was im-
agined that never materialized. As the process of school integration begins, there is
the same type of fear, suspicion, anticipation, and imagination.
The Negro has always shown his brotherly love to the white man of America and
the example herein mentioned is one of many that might be recalled . God has chil—
dren of several types: White, red, brown, black, tall, short, fat, lean, male and female.
To Him each is a person. Realizing this, we can work together, study in school together,
and serve our country together, Together, we can build one strong America which can
be the sponsor of ”one world" ~— a democratic world.
A CALL TO GREATNESS
The opening statement from the NBA. handbook presents a striking appeal to you
as teachers to support our local, district, state, and national organizations. It is indeed
an opportunity of a lifetime.
“To you who are in the morning of your careers, it is an opportunity to help build
the professional house in which you may spend the rest of your lives.
To you who at noon tide are at the peak of your working powers, it is an opportun-
ity to share in the satisfactions of an undertaking through which you may rise to great
achievement.
To you who are nearing the end of your professional careers, it is an opportunity
to help build an institution that will live after you — even as our Association of today
is built upon the labors and sacrifices of the generations who have preceded us.
Can we be less loyal to our trust than they were to theirs? What are we doing to
make our education have a grand and glorious outlook for the future? Are We willing
to labor with renewed devotion to the work, with a deep concern for the generations of
children yet unborn?"
Remember, the power to grow is the greatest force in the world, and that power is
on the side of teachers who support education with their money, presence, and con—
structive participation in the activities of their assocration.
THE K. T. A. JOURNAL PAGE THREE
NEGROES AND JOBS
The program of integration, which was ordered by the United States Supreme Court,
has been progressing in a satisfactory manner except in some few states. The problems
that were anticipated have not materialized as predicted. It has been found that young
people when left to do their own thinking will get along well together. The main hind-
rance to a more successful program of desegregation has been the attitudes of the older
citizens. They have sought to impose their thinking on those of several generations
beyond their childhood. There are also those who have used the desegregation "man-
date” as a political football. Every indication points to the fact that the program of
integrgation will be successful; and that during the school year 1956—57, there will be
more evidence of its practicality in the public schools of the Southern states. Those
states that are now fighting the program of integration will have about them examples
in surrounding states where the objections which they have raised to the program of
integration have not materialized as forecast.
The Vital problem in this program is the problem of jobs for Negro teachers. There
are those officials who would seek to penalize the Negro teacher in retaliation to the
Supreme Court decision, Such a practice would be a set—back to the education of all
the children—both white and Negro. The securing of a competent teacher should be
the aim of every school official whether that teacher be white or a Negro. Already it
has been shown in Washington, D. C., and elsewhere, that a competent Negro teacher
can teach any child. There is a national shortage of teachers and the supply of Negro
teachers should be an encouraging factor in the solution of this major problem which
faces America.
Not only should Negroes be given due consideration for teaching positions when
they are qualified, but Negroes who are trained in other lines should be given consid-
eration on the basis of merit rather than color. There is a growing need for competent
office workers. Our high schools are graduating annually competent Negro boys and
girls who have had training to fit them for successful performance in a clerical position
if given an opportunity.
Our boys and girls are being graduated with training in various vocational areas
and have been given the basic skills for success in trades and in industry. This source
of capable workers should not be overlooked merely because it includes persons other
than white.
Chief Justice John Marshall Harlan stated many years ago, that the United States
Constitution is color blind. Educators, leaders in industry, and governmental officials
are urged to think seriously on the fairness of giving jobs, not on the basis of race,
creed, or color, but on ability, fitness, and preparedness. Negroes need jobs as an '
insurance against crime, poverty and disease. A chain is no stranger than its weakest
link, and likewise a community which has a group of citizens that have been dis-
criminated against because of color when jobs are at stake, will find that it will be
depreciated accordingly.
YOUR K. T. A. MEMBERSHIP
We solicit the continued cooperation of Negro teachers with our association again
this school year. Our association plans to continue its work for the coming year, be—
cause it is felt that there is a vital job for it to do. We urge you to encourage your fel—
low teachers, who now belong in our association, to enroll again this year.
You have, perhaps, received the information that :both the K.E.A. and the K.T.A.
have opened their memberships to all teachers regardless of race. However, we feel
the need of our organization is quite vital in this period as we face the beginnings of
public school integration. We have services to perform for the Negro teacher and we
are making plans for such a convention program on April 11-13, 1956, — the same dates
as when the K.E.A. meets.
It probably will be an event of natural course that very soon in Kentucky there will
be but one, integrated, united, teachers‘ association. Until such a merger has been
realized, and because of the need for the KTA. at this time, you are urged to continue
your membership or join the K.T,A. if you are a new teacher. The enrollment fee is
$4.00 for the year.
PAGE FOUR THE K. T. A. JOURNAL
urt,
mg
rid-
der
ans
an-
of
ase
ties
of
are
the
all
is-
UUIllNE [1? THE 1956 KIA. CONVENTION
ALL SESSIONS: Central High School, Louisville, Kentucky
CENTRAL THEME: “Significant Problems in Education"
1030 AM.
3:00 PM.
3:30 PM.
7:00 PM.
8:15 PM.
9:00 AM.
11:00 AM.
2:00 PM.
3:30 PM.
7:00 PM.
8:15 PM.
10.00 PM.
9:00 AM.
THE K. T. A.
Wednesday. April 11. 1956
Annual Student Musicale (Beginning Pupils) — Central High N‘ .1
School Auditorium, Room 135 — Miss R. L. Carpenter, j ‘
Directress ‘
Annual Student Musicale (Advanced Pupils) f
Principals' Department Meeting — Central High School, Room
230 — Mrs. Agnes Duncan, Newburg, Chairman
Meetings of K.T.A. Committees ~ See Committees outlined on
page 2—Rooms to be announced in convention program
FIRST GENERAL PUBLIC SESSION
President's Annual Address~Dr. E. T. Buford, K.T.A. President,
Bowling Green, Kentucky
Dr. Iohn W. Davis, Director of Teacher
Information of NAACP, New York City
Thursday, April 12. 1956
SECOND GENERAL SESSION
Memorial Services for Deceased K.T.A. Members, Conducted
by Prof. G. V. Curry, Ienkins, Kentucky '
Addresstr. Robert H. Martin, State Superintendent of Public
Instruction of Kentucky
Meeting of Kentucky High School Athletic League -— Room 230,
Central High School H I. B. Brown, Executive Secretary
THIRD GENERAL SESSION
Panel Discussion: ‘The Future of the K. 1 .."A
Leaders in education of both races to participate.
Sectional Meetings of K. T. A. Gr‘o'ups
Rooms to be announced in convention program
Band Concerts —— Iunior High School Band‘s of LOui‘sville, Ky.
FOURTH GENERAL SESSION
Secretary—Treasurer's Annual Report—Mrs. Anita W. Robinson,
Louisville, Ky.
Lincoln Foundation Award and K T A. Citations
Feature Address H Attorney Jean M. Capers, City Council
Woman of Cleveland, Ohio
Announcements — Benediction
Friday. April 13,1956,
Departmental Sessions of K...TA
Details and rooms to be in convention program '
JOURNAL I PAGE FIVE
10:30 AM.
Business Session of K.T.A.
Report of Committees by their respective chairmen.
See page 2 of this Journal
12:15 PM. Principals' Annual Luncheon Meeting —— Central High School
Cafeteria
2:00 PM. FINAL GENERAL SESSION
AddressaDr. Hillard A. Bowen, A. and I. University, Nashville,
Tennessee (Tentative)
Final Business—Dr. E. T. Buford, Presiding
6:00 PM. Meeting of K.T.A. Board of Directors — Central High School,
Room 140
8:15 PM. Twenty-sixth Annual Musicale — Central High School Audi—
torium
10:00 PM. Final Adjournment of 80th Convention
0101581111 REPORT OF THE K.T.A.
(By Mrs Anita W. Robinson, Sec'y-Treas.)
Financial Report of the Kentucky Teachers
Association for year beginning May 1,
1954, and ending April 30, 1955.
RECEIPTS
Brought Forward, May 1, 1954 us$ 696.58
1368 Members' Fees at $11.00* ____ 5,468.00
8 Associate Members at $2.00 ____ 1600
Balance on '54 Membership Fees 15.00
Iournal Advertisements ssssssssss 658.61
NEA Memberships ______________ 130.00
Convention Exhibits _____________ 419.00
NEA Contribution ______________ 200.00
Convention Musicale ____________ 100.50
Miscellaneous and Contributions 49.25
TOTAL __________________________ $7,752.94
*4 members owe $1.00 balance on $4.00 fee
DISBURSEMENTS
Clerical Workers ________________ $ 643.78
Office Rent and Telephone ______ 173.07
Printing of Iournals _____________ 998.88
Postage for Journals, etc. ________ 204.00
President's Expenses ____________ 156.98
Auditor's Expenses ______________ 25.00
Secretary's Travel (NEA Conven-
tion and Integration Cont.) ___s 281.42
Secretary's Salary (take home) __ 944.70
Fed. Income Tax <3 Soc. Security _ 215.13
Bd. of Direct. Travel Expse ______ 275.57
NEA Memberships ______________ 150.00
Exhibit Booths 1954—55 Convention 10620
Office Supplies, Badges, etc. ,,,,, 21687
Central High Bldg. Rental and
Janitorial Services, Convention
(1954-55) ______________________ 610.87
Convention Speakers _____________ 637.53
Convention Principals' Luncheon
and Social ____________________ 50.96
Honorariums (Officers, Consultant) 425.00
Miscellaneous and Petty Cash __, 87.92
TOTAL __________________________ $8,203.88
Recapitulation:
Receipts _____________ $7,752.94
Disbursements sssssss 6,203.88
Balance on Hand ”$1,549.06
Outstanding bills anticipated for the
summer include a $70 balance on Central
High Bldg, $300 for NEA delegates and
$300 for office expense and secretary's
salary. Actual balance in September, 1955,
is expected to be about $850.00.
This report has been reported as correct
after a careful audit by M. I. Sleet of Pa-
ducah, Kentucky, Auditor of the K. T. A.
financial records.
PLAN TO ATTEND THE 80th CONVENTION
of the
KENTUCKY TEACHERS ASSOCIATION
APRIL 11, 12. 13. 1956
Louisville, Kentucky
PAGE SIX
THE K. T. A. JOURNAL
301
ii—
87
53
36
30
32
38
FLESGH FOUND A WILLING AUDIENCE
(By Ray H. Bixleri“)
Now that the furor has subsided, it
might be well for educators to seek an ex—
planation for the wide spread and en—
thusiastic response to WHY IOHNNY
CAN'T READ. Why did such an obvious
hoax _ with its distortions, half-truths
and untruths receive such acclaim?
Normally such a response occurs when
people are disturbed about an issue but
have been unable to formulate an ade-
quate solution to the problems involved.
At such times they tend to grasp at straws.
The response to Senator McCarthy's gyra—
ticns is illustrative In all likelihood, dis-
satisfaction with our schools was respon—
sible for the reaction to Flesch's book in
much the same way as the fear of Com-
munism provided McCarthy with a fertile
field of activity.
Although there are many reasons, some
quite fantastic, why the public is dissatis«
tied with our schools, the most persistent
complaint is the vague charge that the
criminal is "progressive" education. This
accusation persists in spite of the fact that
the vast majority of teachers do not em—
pioy modern methods! One usually finds
that neither the teacher nor the enlight—
ened layman is conversant with educa—
tional theory; that both mouth a few
cliches about the ”whole child", but know
little about optimal conditions of living.
A survey of many of the more popular
journals in the field of education reveals
an excess of platitudes and ”breath taking
illustrations” of this or that technique, but
little or no theory or research The con—
tent of education courses has a similar
ring. There is reason to suspect that
Tinker (Teaching Elementary Reading,
p. 8) is correct when he writes, "many
schools are 50 years behind the currently
defined needs."
Perhaps the real reason for criticism of
our schools, lies not in their progressivism,
but in their very lack of understanding of
its basic tenets.
So long as the teacher believes that a
collection of new teaching techniques
(”gimmicks") is progressive so will the
parent. And so long as modern education
is so perceived by the layman will there
continue to be vigorous criticism of it.
Teaching techniques have little value in
and of themselves. It is only as they are
given meaning within a systematic theory
which has evolved from research findings
and philosophical exploration that techni—
ques become truly effective, Such theory
is available to the teacher.
It seems unlikely that educators can
indefinitely justify the plea, “Forgive us
what we do, for we have no idea why We
are doing it."
Flesch found quite an audience of un—
it ving, albeit naive, people.
*Departmcnt of Psychology, University of Louisville.
Member of K.T.A.
-§-See "A Response to Why Johnny Can't Read"
(mimeographed 27pp.). Available from Author.
f In Memoriam
MRS. NANNIE BOARD CRUME
Director of Music
Central High School, Louisville. Ky.
HENRY ARTHUR KEAN, SR.
Former Coach
Kentucky State College and Later Tennessee A. 6: I. University
pram
THE K. T. A. JOURNAL
PAGE SEVEN
TEAGHEHS AND THE NAAGP
(By C. L. Timberlake)
It is a fact greatly to be deplored that
teachers, despite the fact that most of the
victories that have been won by the
NAACP have been in the field of educa-
tion, have failed in a very shameful way
to support the NAACP. So many of them
do not even belong to the organization,
and very few of those who do belong at-
tend the meetings or help carry on the
work of the local branches, or make ap-
preciable the way of
money to the local, state or national work
of the Association. It is reported that in
Paducah and McCracken County only
about one-fourth of the sixty teachers are
members and that only one is actively en-
gaged in helping to carry on the work of
the local branch. The situation in this
particular community may be duplicated
elsewhere in the state.
contributions in
Now, if we expect the Association to
continue to fight our battles, we have got
to help. These are some of the Ways by
which we can help. We can all become
members ourselves and influence others
to become members. Our duty does not
consist in merely becoming members, but
we should line up with our local branches
and become active workers. The Associa—
tion has a lot of work to do and it needs
everyone's help. It needs the benefit of the
best thoughts. The time has come now
when teachers must stand up and be
counted, and in this situation they must
help work out their own salvation through
Working and contributing both money,
time and talent to the work of the National
Association.
Then, too, the teachers must insist upon
complete integration and not be willing to
accept any makeshift affair in order to
retain a position.
Of course, integration will not be com—
plete unless qualified Negro teachers as
well as qualified white teachers are re-
tained and hired. Kentucky has 1,386
Negro teachers among 20,868 teachers.
Only 12 Negro teachers use emergency
PAGE EOGHT
certificates, while 2,372 Whites use them.
Each teacher should be familiar with the
laws of teacher employment, teacher ten-
ure, teacher transfers, and teacher dis-
Each teacher should know the
status of every teacher in the community,
or at least know how to obtain such in—
formation.
missal.
In no case, should any teacher line up
with forces that are seeking to retard the
process of integration. When any teacher
is made to suffer any type of inconven-
ience in this transition process, he should
immediately notify the officers of his local
NAACP Branch. If this isn't possible, get
in touch with Attorney Crumlin, the State
President of the Kentucky State Confer—
ence of Branches.
In conclusion: We can no longer be at
ease in Zion, but we must line up with all
the forces that are working for human
betterment, and in this particular situa-
tion, we must contribute wholeheartedly to
the support of the NAACP.
ANNUAL CONVENTION OF N. E. A.
Portland, Oregon
July 1-6, 1956
PLAN NOW TO ATTEND!
y.
Peoples Dispensary
12th and Chestnut Sts.
Louisville, Kentucky
TEACHERS ARE WELCOME!
Drugs and School Supplies
Opposite the
K.T.A. Convention Comer
*
THE K. T. A. JOURNAL
COLLEGE EDUCATION IN KENTUGKY
(By Rufus B. Atwood. President,
Kentucky State College, Frankfort, Ky.)
Kentucky lags behind other states of
the nation in college education of its
people. While the national average in
college enrollment in 1950 was 165 per
10,000 population, the Kentucky average
was 114. There was only one state lower
than Kentucky. When based on college-
aged population alone, ages 15—29, Ken-
tucky's college enrollment in 1949—50 was
the lowest of any state in the nation. At
present only 13.2% of the White college-
aged youth of Kentucky are enrolled in
college, in-state or out—of—state. By Com-
parision Mississippi has 21% and Florida
has 22% of this college—age group in col-
lege. At present Kentucky enrolls in col-
lege only 5% of the Negro college—age
population as compared with 12.4% in
Texas and 8.8% in Florida.
Currently, college enrollments are rising
in Kentucky and this fact may lead some
to believe We are attaining a higher posi—
tion among the state‘s. Let us not forget,
however, that current college enrollments
are rising in other states too, and relative-
ly our state's position remains and will
remain the same until the problem is at—
tacked at its source in dead earnest.
Experience over a quarter of a century
in recruiting high school graduates for
college lead to the belief that the real
causes of low college attendance are (1)
low parental income adequate to pay the
cost of a college education of their Chil—
dren and (2) lack of real and strong de—
sire on the part of the high school gradu—
ates to acquire a college education.
The common assumption, therefore, that
all able high school graduates almost
Without exception gravitate to college is
erroneous and far from the truth. Without
a doubt there is a large reservoir of high—
ly gifted young people and an even more
numerous group of the better than aver—
age, who never get to college, primarily
for financial reasons. While many are at-
tending colleges in the state and else—
THE K.€.A. JOURNAL
where with financial assistance, it is esti—
mated that at least 10 to 20 times that
number who had the necessary abilities to
do creditable college work were not in
college because of lack of such aid.
It is certainly a valid conclusion that at
least half of the most capable members of
the high school graduating classes do not
continue their education beyond the high
school. It is rather definite that for every
graduate who ranked in the upper 10 per
cent of his high school class and entered
college, another graduate, who also rank—
ed in the upper 10 per cent did not. enter
college. 1f the upper 30 per cent of the
graduating class is considered, there were
two who did not enter for every one who
did.
Low parental income is believed to be
the chief factor in preventing able stu-
dents from attending college. Indeed, it
seems a safe conclusion that it is the
single, most important factor in the whole
picture of higher education opportunity. It
is without doubt true that there is a steady
decrease in the highly gifted who continue
beyond high school, at each successively
lower stage of parental income,
There is a second vital factor in the mat—
ter of the low college attendance by Ken-
tucky people to which I have referred
above. This factor is the lack of any real
and strong desire on the part of the high
school graduates to attain a college edu—
cation. Many high school graduates, fully
capable of doing creditable college work,
simply have not been stimulated to go to
college. Indeed, some 'see no need for it.
Others would like to go if the way was
open and clear. When they see obstacles
though, such as inadequate finances, they
give up easily as their desire for a col«
lege education is not strong enough to
cause them to strive to overcome the odds
that stand in the path”. This situation pres-
ents a challenge to the pupils' parents, to
their high school teachers andvto the col—
lege recruiting staffs. Some means must
be found to convince the able high school
(Continued on Page 19)
PAGE NtNE
.. ii
FUTURE TEAGHEHS 0F AMEHIGA
(By Bettie L. Douglas)
foy Elmer Morgan, retired chairman, Na—
tional Committee, Future Teachers of
America, wrote the following words, in the
introduction of the Manual for ETA Clubs:
"Teaching and teaching alone insures
the survival of civilization. It is the most
important task in the world. The teacher,
whether parent, pastor, or schoolmaster is
the real maker of history. As schools as—
sume increasing responsibility for the
young, it is most urgent that the finest
and ablest men and women of each gen—
eration dedicate themselves to the teach-
ing service. PTA seeks to train young
people thru practice for professional and
civic leadership.
The ETA movement grew out of the
Horace Mann Centennial in 1937 when it
was established by the NEA Assembly. It
is carried on as a cooperative project by
the NBA and its affiliated state and local
associations. It is a nationwide movement
to which anyone may be proud to belong.
ETA works in both high schools and
colleges. ETA groups in colleges and uni—
versities are called CHAPTERS. They are
pre-professional and are open only to stu—
dents preparing to be teachers. ETA
groups in high schools are called CLUBS.
They are pre—vocational and exploratory.
The FTA club seeks:
(I) To encourage young people to cul-
tivate in themselves qualities of person—
ality and character which are the founda—
tions of successful teaching;
(2) To acquaint young people with the
inspiring story of the schools, the part free
schools have played in the development
of our democratic way of life, the heroic
pioneering associated with their establish-
ment and expansion;
(3) To provide young people with spec—
ific information about opportunities in the
various fields of education.
Future Teachers of America Club is pre—
haps one of the most important organiza-
tion-s in America for the youth of our
country at this time. With authorities de-
crying a need for more than 150,000 well—
PAGE TEN
trained, qualified teachers in our schools,
our young people more than ever need
information and guidance to encourage
them to choose teaching as a profession.
PTA CAN LEAD THE WAY!
It is regrettable that We note only two
ETA Clubs seem to be organized in Negro
schools in Kentucky. It is the purpose of
this article to stimulate interest in the
organization of more ETA clubs in our
state schools. We shall point out the bene-
fits to be derived by the members o