xt7msb3wvx32 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7msb3wvx32/data/mets.xml Alabama Alabama Museum of Natural History 1951 Other titles include: Alabama Museum of Natural History museum paper, Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum of the Geological Survey of Alabama. Other creators include: United States. Work Projects Administration, Geological Survey of Alabama, Tennessee Valley Authority. Issues for 1, 3 carry no series numbering. No. 2 also as Education papers no. 1. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call number  AS36 .A2. journals  English University, Ala. : Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1910-1960 This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Alabama Works Progress Administration Publications Museum Paper, no. 31, 1951 - including "Cavernicolous Pselaphid Beetles of Alabama and Tennessee, with Observations on the Taxonomy of the Family" by Orlando Park text Museum Paper, no. 31, 1951 - including "Cavernicolous Pselaphid Beetles of Alabama and Tennessee, with Observations on the Taxonomy of the Family" by Orlando Park 1951 1951 2015 true xt7msb3wvx32 section xt7msb3wvx32 GEOQOGY UBRARY
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UNIVERSITY, ALABAMA ·
OCTOBER 15, 1951
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GoIi()L()G[(`AL SURYISY OF 4XLA I$-\)IQ&
\\\\I,'i`l·llI B. JONICS, S'|`.\'I`Ii Gm>1,<>r;1s·1·
Cuvcmicolous Pselaphid Beetles of Alabama And Tennessee,
with Observations on the Taxonomy of the FamiIy*
by
ORLANDO PARK  
Northwestern University  
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·_ pw ua (»tl\'c·ct1cs of Alabama and Teu-
. tw   with ()1>sc1·\‘ati<>1»s mn the Taxonomy of the 1$U.l1l11}"7, by
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
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,1 ` Tribe Spele<>b11111i11i new tribe 7 7777 77     7777   7 7>l
il \ S]}('!('U]}Il})1{/ llL*\\` genus 7 77 77 7 777777777   _777 777     372
ll   LIKIIIII I1, Sp. 77777 7 7 777777 7 7 7 77 _ 7 7 77 77777__ 7 7777777777 7 T3
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Q INTRODUCTION .
B s r
°  It is seldom the good fortune of a specialist in a group of I
T E  nrgrrnisrns to be given the opportunity to work over an entirely
  r rrrw fauna in his special field of study. It is still more unusual if `
4 this opportunity is presented witlrirr a geographic area already r
S relrrtively well known in that particular group of organisms.
li
    Such a paradoxical situation is the occasion for this paper.
gl) p t·`r·irn a global point of view, Pselaphidae of North America are
gr I l—;n=>~.vrr relatively rmrclr better than the large and diverse tropical
Z`? _ iaierras of the world, but up to the present no true cavernicolorrs
gf T p:—»laplrids have been described from the whole of the Nearctic
El') i ltegiorr. This is even more suprising since the Palaearctic Re-
32 ’ gina. especially the southern European areas, has a large and I
:;.3 i cornplex fauna of cavernicolorrs Pselaphidae, recently enlarged
ia   tlnwrnglr the discoveries of jeanrrel (1950).
lit ` 
tn A Since 1931 Dr. W'alter B. Iones, State Geologist of Alabama,
tl l and his associates, have collected 315 pselaphids from 58 caves
in r i counties of Alabama and Tennessee. Several years ago, at ’
thi request of Dr.   Manson Valentine, the author undertool< the I
B sinh of this material. `
L3  
ri A Subsequent analysis demonstrated that these cavernicolous
    pscrrplricls represented a new fauna in North America, previously
gg- . allriled to by Loding (19-15, p. -12) and Park (19-17, p. 109). The
ri; ‘ *31-'· specimens represented four tribes: Batrisini, Bythinini,
’ Tnrr·siplror·ini, and Speleobamini, the last of which was a new
Tai 1 tri? ~ of rnrrrsual taxonomic inrport since it combined diagnostic
32 i‘<‘zi*nr‘es of the brachyscelirre and rnacroscelirre divisions of .
33 FM iIlPll1l`1&t(i. There were six genera, one of which, S])C’f(’Of}(!i7Z(l, `
H V xv;r·— new to science, and 15 species. Of these latter, 1-1 were I
”’ car. rrnicoles in the strict sense and were all new species, whereas
35 llt< fifteenth belonged to a widespread and vagile species, giz·z1/ Szmwg of ;\](Il){[l}I(! —
{ - - ---- - --------------- ------?---------  
g The new tribe is iiitegmted with reeeiit work iii il lcev tw be · 
Q tribes ul? Pseiupbidue of tbe \\·(‘SI[Cl'll Hemisphere. g 
i _ , t {
E i Type specimens and halt nt the piiiwitypes are deposited ~.i AM I
i Dix ]<>iies; bail? of the piimtypes are retuiiied by the ;llt[]}i)1‘. < i
  `
k 4
’ The ;uitbm· lbimks Dr. ].r1__._.....1._1.111....1r11.......11_.1.. »L
:11 . Eyes yestigiui or wei]—deye]oped, h11t iIi\VLl}’S present and
  conspicuous ......1.111v...............__....1.1r1.......1.1,......>..,1_._........_.___ 2
` Z 1 1 ;\hdo111en with (li5ti1l()t iiltC‘l`tli ]U211`gil)S Ol] the first two
-  or three segments 1..1.....11........11_.......1.._,,........,.11...11.....1___...1_ 3
.  ;\i)dOll]€l) without 11111rgi11s
_ Bcatrisodes
Y G. 1   1 )\iilXiliLl1`}' p11]pi with second segment studded with sn111]I
1 tuherclcs ·
,  Bythinopsis 1
V XiLlXiilLl1`\' puipi with second segment not so studded,
1  hut he11ri11!~’ ‘   -
5, ( \1c\\1)()]111. . L . G v t _ L x, » n , l·.(( . 8. 1 .... U
3   l 11Ll111`21}'t1.11 SCHSC. \\'L1S C11SCl.1SS‘lol>al checklist S 
1 C7 ` ` .
  ( This was the general situation in 1948. The reason 1 ?111~ .
Q   1)l`1C1 SL11`\'C\` is 111zlt 1118 1'€C€111§ 1Zt1XO1101111C \\’G1'l( of ;1GLll111l?l ¥1?1‘ 1
1 1 ~ . ' . . ..4 .
L1 ` C11 Ai1`1C2111 SPECIES, L111(1 of ]Ci11111€1   O1] El11`OP€L111   1!Z"" _
%   inevitably affects the taxonomy of the North American fin; . 5 
  l leannel (1949, pp. 133-135) erected a new genus. ..i»1— 1
·1 . . , » V . .
  p .s·!er11s, to contain the species of Batrzsodes of the Ethm ;.1i.. .  _
Ti 1 · . . 1 ·
  O1'l€11tt11 z111(1A1lS1Z1't111L111 R€g1011S, {l11(l CO11S(i(111€1111}` 1`€>i. ,11111 1 
    Bl1l`1‘lSOdc’S, in the more limited sense, to the Palaearcth »-1111 L
( Nearctie Regions. Q
Qi 1
·1
1, . ._ _ _ ` ip
F First, Ieannel finds that the species of Batrz.s·ier11.s· har. il, _ 
  the sides of the first tergite equipped with an entire lateral e 11.1; V
1 whereas the second and third tergites lack an entire 111L11_i`E.;. 1
·  carina; in Bafrisodes, as limited, the sides of the first three tv 4??1»` . 
 _` l111\`C 2111 (‘11111`€ 1112`t1`g1112l1 Ct1I`111H.  
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5

   Caccrnicolous Pselap/ii:] Beetles of Alu/mum and Tenzie.sse¢· 9)
·  Second, in addition to this small abdominal character, Y_
 _ |eaunel finds that the aedeagus of B(Ii`l'iSIL(’}'ll.S' has an enclosed {
uwavzs Q  hasal capsule, internal musculature and well developed styles;
·~~inn V in I9r1fi‘i.sOdr3.s, as limited, the aedeagus is reduced to a sclerotized V
»u1ie» I l lranue, without internal musculature, and without styles.
T,  leannel (1950, pp. 351-358), working over the French
l lla ? >pu·ies in particular but with general implications for the Euro-
Vqm peru! fauna, divided the genus Bafri.s·ode.s, as limited, into two
wits suhgenera: Butrisodcs, s. str., in which the inetatibiae lack the
*,us_ 5  apical spurs, and in which the face is wide, rugose and not V
   Q iwwlianly excavated, and Brzitrisodinus, in which the metatibiae
nai, Z liaw apical spurs, and the face is deeply excavated between
the antennae. V
all., .  The characterization of Bczlrisodes by Ieannel will not hold
Vin, im all of the American species. The distribution of marginal car- .
K in- A  inac follows the same pattern as given for the European species,
  . hui the American species have two types of aedeagi. The great
lj majiwity of the American species (Groups III to 1X, inclusive, of .
VM ··., - l`zu‘L. 1947) do have the aedeagus as described by leannel for 1
{QV. _ the European species, but Group 1 of Park, 1947 has a radicaly ~
gl Vi  ·_ tlillllweiit aedeagus. It is very similar to that of Brzlrisirrrus, e. g.,
.V  tlaw is an enclosed basal bulb, internal musculature is develop-
I  td. md two styles are not only present but very diversified, and
M_ l enc is a movable process.
;   i l l
  A Now this Group 1, with the complicated aedeagus, is the
, '  Gul} American group that lacks metatibial spurs. Therefore it
V can not belong to either European subgenus, and a new subgenus, _
,;,·p·   Hullir1.s·y121r11or/es, with monstrosiis (LeGonte, 1850, p. 95) as its
ia.  V V 1} pt is erected. A
.i:_~¤_l t i
Jill V Butriasynimodes is restricted to the deciduous forest biome
 . at ·astern North America, so far as known, and contains six 7
`  V >pL‘<:ies (Park, 1947) plus four new species collected from caves  
tsl? _. hl ¤\labama and Tennessee. This subgenus has the abdominal  
M; · ltwgiiis of Bairigodas, in the restricted sense of ]eanne1, but has  
.¥`Y~=-   MN zledeagus similar to B(l2i)'i.5‘llCl'llS. Since these several c0nsiderzi—  
Q?Y'»` j {WHS reduce the gap between B(1t)'iSO([(’S and B£1fl'iSf€l’llS to the  
g question whether or not the second and third tergites have or do f
°f. ‘

 E lt; (Jco/o,gicrz/ Surrey of Alu/zrznza  
l not hav e an entire marginal carina, it is the opinion of the aufl. ,,— i 
l that the carinal feature is of sul><*‘eneric ranl<, and he feels ll. w s
l ° i `·`*
L the genus [Sri/2‘i.s·iece is develoued. The aedeagus of lIZ()H$ll)'()SlliS' i so
·z - · l . I . F` . . ·
  far removed that it should serve to divide the genus mto evo _
{ subgenera" (\1)arl<, 1942, pp. 16-17). —
'r
Q The cavernicolous members of Bczlrzsocles to be descn ed
  subsequently include members of Groups I ...>. 1 t...._i_,iirv__________,,__.__ 5
`  Q1 Second and third tergitcs each with an entire 1]1tll`g1I1L1.1
*1 ciirinzi on each side from hose to apex
rig i  BAVYHIASYXFNIOIDES new snhgcnns (Figs. 1, 2, S)
1 Type; nro11.s·fro.s·11.s· ('Lc(”Zonte. 1850, p. 95)
  Ncurctic species ('Cronp 1. 1’;ir1<, 1947;)
.1 1 1 . 1 1 . . . 1
fj 3 Second amd third tergite 1uc1
1 1 tii_`“;i‘tT `°°"` · 
1 1 . . . . 5
1 1 Kletatihiae lacking apical spurs 1 1
1 1 BATHISODES eannel. 1950, 11. 351-352, ,1 111_ —
, 1 » . 11
1 1 Type: tlelulimti (Auhe, 1833, p. 46)
1 1 Palaearctic species 1
1   6 (5) Klesotarsi of males abnormal (Fig. 6) -
X 1
1   B;\l%NOl{NlODES 11ew suhgenus I
1   Type: 1i]1r1ri11.s (Say, 1824, p. 98) —
1 Nearctic species (Group 1X, Park, 1947) 1 
1 1 Mesotarsi of males normal .......»..........................r......Y...V, 1. Y i
1 = , . . . , . 1
§ 1 T (6) }‘]`()1l1 deeply 11npressed longitudinally between a11te1==1_1! .
1 1 tuhercles in both sexes _ I
  1 B.·\r1`1llSODlXUS eannel, 1950, 11. 851-BBQ '
1 . - . 1 1 » 1
3 ~ Type: oczzlulzzs (Auhe, 1833, p. 48) T  ·
1 1 Palaearctie species _ 1
1 >
1 1 l*`ront not as described; either declivous to clypeal 111 11- A
  gin in both sexes, 0r transeversely excavated hetw1 -11 11
1 the antennal cavities in tl1e male sex ............................ .. 5 11
  8 (T) Vertexal foveae densely pubescent g ”
1 PUBIMODES new suhgenus {  
  Type: ll1gI`1C(lIl.S' (LeConte, 1850, p. 99)
*1 Nearctic species (Group \'11I, Park, 1947)  1.
5 , —* 
I . n\. L ..... ....-4 ...... . ....... ....., .... . ............- --
1 1 Yertexel ioveae nude   . 11
, 11
gt 9 (8) Male sex with face transverselv excavated between 1`··‘ .  1·
A . _ V 11
  antennal cavities; female sex with face simply (l<‘1.=1· A 1}
  vous . 11
O_ " `
  EXCAVODES new subgenus 1 "|
  Type; fr011fa1i.s· (LeC0nte, 1850, p. 96) 1/
11 Nearctic species (Groups IV, V, V1, Park. 19;* 1 
.7 1
H _ »  
1 Both sexes w1t11 face unexcavated between ante1111.1l _ -
1 cavities 111 “ ~
  c --....-...........-..................... . ..................1..............-   1 t.
Q —..... . 11
A V
11 1‘1:\t this point in the key, Group 11 of Park, 1947, Xearctie species. \\1 1 11*11 1  C1
  key unt. This is 11 group of twelve species known only from North .—\1.1~1·it·.1 ,  11
11 west of thC Rocky Xlountains, whereas the suhgenera Elll/2*I'O(l(.’.S` and 11111*
1 r0   Nearctic species (Group Ill. Park, 1947) V
, Each elytron trifoveate
j DECLIVODES new subgenus
- Type: lJisl1‘i11I11.s· (LeConte, 1850, p. 101)
r_ 7 `  Nearctic species (Croup \'II, Park, 1947)
I1 I The preceding organization has the immediate advantage of ·
? liainhiiiiziiig the Nearctic Batrisor/cs with the recent work of .
’ ]t·ama~l (1949, 1950). Academically, the advocated organization 1
· may be unsound. For example, many Oriental and Australian _
I  speck s have not been examined with respect to the aedeagus,
‘i` as iiotetl by Ieannel, and similarly quite a few Nearctic species
nl] lure the aedeagus undescribed. \Vhen all of this is done, certain I
" S I, nl the subgenera may have to be elevated to generic rank, new y
  suhg nera or generalproposed, and in general subject this large E
Q gcnm of about 2:25 species to further scrutiny. For the present a  
<·nnst»i·vative approach is desirable. i
, 9 ii  Xfatcrial assistance to this general problem would be exact
x ·  tlatu on the aedeagi of fossil Br1l‘ri.s0cZ0e.s·. None has been pub-
ll" `_ lished to the best of the authorls information. Palaeontological ,
‘l` Q  data on pselaphids is very scauty. Schaufuss (1890, p. 134-137)
. t;i1‘rsi ili}H()i`lNL1`i, the second t;ii·:-gomeie Iuiiiiiiol .  ·
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if it t Kumvzi (mh' {kwin iiinstxii (lima B:itZ1~x· Cm. Jtkittiiititil
Z fClU&2i(‘ ('(IL7(’I“lIOtS'l!5‘
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z `! ~ i V » — 4 W » 1 n . V
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- li]Ii·{l!(Z\‘[1l hmm \`,`CfZ'iCl']l huif of (ii}ii)(3t`i C0., Ai;ti>;11:1;1,ri,4
` 1 Q t3 W i\;l]<)‘»'.'1't (mtv imni Criiti th Cave, }siLU`féiEtlii C0., :"ti;1i3Lt?iiJ.
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tn. · 1 ;- A , · . . ·
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 · ri.`€]U](‘S(·ICC
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_ · r ‘ iv from Crvstui Cavan Crundv C0.. Teii1i0s— t
 t SCG amd in Madison; Morgmi and ]nci

 l l
l
l ]($ Geological Survey of Alulmnirz
i m‘"_  Y
l Butrisodes spelueus new species
l
l   Type Male. Shining reddish—brown with yellowish-brown tarsi;
Q   integuments shining, subimpunctate, pubescence long, flaxeas. I
l l semierect except on abdomen where pubescence is semiappres- r
l sed. Measurements: head 0.5 mm. long (from clypeal margin to
l oceiput) x 0.53 mm. wide (through eyes); pronotum 0.53 x 0.5%;
t evltra 0.77 x 0.94; abdomen 0.87 x 0.77, total length 2.67 min.
l I . .
3 Head with prominent eyes of about 40 facets; tempora long,
l evenly rounded into occiput, about twice as long as eyes; vertex
l   with three apically converging carinae, of which the median is
l t incomplete apically and the laterals are oblique and very strong;
    a strong lateral carina on each side of vertex from tempora to
E ` antennal tubercle, a shorter supraocular carina subparallel to the
l lateral, and between the latter and the eye; a pair of large, nude.
i free vertexal foveae on a line through posterior eye margins;
  l front medianly concave between antennal tubercles, this depres- t
    sion limited apically by an arcuate carinoid frontal margin- V
p` i clypeus evenly declivous from the frontal line, with a conspie- ;
l uous, laminoid apical margin, enclosed area of clypeus he-
l tween apical and frontal margins bisected by a longitudinal  
r carina and limited laterally each side by a longitudinal carina that -
  partially bounds the antennal acetabulum, the clypeal carinae  V
;~ and frontal carinoid line taken together form a capital Bl; lalnwnn ~
j transverse, with a gently concave apical margin and acute lateral `
_, r angles; ventral surface of head with a beard of bristling setae. It
g inedianly bisected by a longitudinal gular carina, and with a large `
  gular fossa at base, mandihles strong, left crossed dorsal to right;  —
  maxillary palpi four—segmented, first segment minute, seenntl  p
  elongate arcuate and pedunculate as usual, third short and ~nh- `
A triangular and about as wide as swollen end of second, fourth er _i
r last segment largest being one-third longer than second seginent _—
  and much wider with a minute apical cone. Antennae long. slen- V
3 der. eleven—segmented; all segments longer than wide, segments .
rl l to VIII suhcylindrical, VIII abnormal, with the ventral lnee .
  i produced apicall