xt7np55ddc3s https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7np55ddc3s/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1959 journals 078 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.78 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.78 1959 2014 true xt7np55ddc3s section xt7np55ddc3s · I; ‘ I.  “  . xx T,
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AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION     ,
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COMMONWEALTH OF KENTU K ‘-A `I ‘»£1·'~~`°·`¤*"“ `
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 l·1.wi !·»·»m.·ii. Studies · ~1....·.·iii~ amt Yiieli-4u· Data · `1ai|i~ • ii»·\i»~ii·i.ii aint ,\uri··ullui·:i| In-~·~.n··ii · Piimiiiiiig 1uulZuii1iiQ .\»i»|iiii···v
 
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COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
l)epei1·line1il ol' lieonomie l)evelopmenl
New ciipuor Amex omcr auiiumc _
rnmxlronr
Friends of Kentucky Agriculture:
The eradication of Johnson grass is a matter of concern for farmers throughout Ken-
tucky. In cooperation with the University of Kentucky Experiment Station, the De-
partment of Economic Development has published this study to emphasize the prac-
tices followed on experimental plots in Franklin County to destroy this noxious weed.
Much infested land throughout the Cormrionwealth can be returned to usefule produc- _
tion, resulting in added income for our farniers.
To assist in creating expanded industrial markets for Kentucky farm products, an
Agricultural Development Division was created within the Department of Economic
Development by Executive Order in March, 1956. The Division works cooperatively ‘
with Kentucky's many agricultural organizations on projects to expand and diversify
farm production and to encourage the development of agriculture—based processing
and distributing facilities in the state. That the prograrn is achieving results is at- F
tested by relatively stable and continued high levels of Kentucky farni inconie during
the past five yeai·s. despite constantly dwindling marketings of burley tobacco, a
principal cash erop.
Many other publications have been issued by the Division to encourage these objec-
tives. Among them are brochures relating to truck crop production and marketing
opportunities, a report on opportunities for broiler production, information on to-
bacco research, studies pointing up the promising field for production of wooden
pallets and charcoal. Others deal with installation of a food testing laboratory, a
study emphasizing increased opportunities and advantages of dairy farming in the
Jackson Purchase area of the state, economic possibilities in production and mar-
keting of edible nuts. Publication of a timber buyer's guide for the state filled a
e ritical need.
Policy for the Division is formulated by an Agricultural Developnient Board appoint- V
ed by the Governor. Directives from the Board are carried out by the Division Di-
rector. Wm. Frank Lebus, Jr., Cornell University graduate in the field of agricul-
tural economics. and his assistant, William L. Wiesman, University of Kentucky
graduate in animal husbandry and agricultural economics.
Sincerely,
George W; Hubley, Jr.  
Commissioner
All lNQLll¥lE5 TPEATED CONF¤DiMTl¤lt¢

 •
Johnson Gross Control. A Form ond
I
V lntroductnon
llntil recently, Kentucky farmers faced the pros- But now the tide has been turned. Armed with
pcct of a never-ending war—and slight chance of determination, llC\\'ly·(lC\'Clt)l)C(l herbicides und
\'l('L()l`)'—-2lg2llllS[ a noxious weed pest that inexor- patiently acquired know-how, u group of lirunklin
uhly choked out acre after acre of fertile farm land. county citizens pooled their resources and launched
Like a rlu ue of tore, ohnson grass continued a coordinated assault that l1as achieved s >ectaculur
l S > . s l
unchecked its ravaging advance. .#\t best the hght success, raising hopes that ellective control measures
to control its s Jread was an individual holdin ac- are within reach and that overrun land can be rc-
1 S
tion, waged with largely ineffective weapons. claimed.
Thousands of infested acres, especially rich bot- lt was in the spring of 1957 that the people of
tomland along river-beds and streams, were aban- Franklin county recognized the time had come to
_ doned to the enemy. \V\’hen dug or pulled out of take a united stand. A committee representing
fields the scour e cre >t alon the ed es of hi h- concerned a ricultural rouns was formed and u
» S l S S S S S l
ways, along railroad tracks, outflanking and en- control program outlined.
gulfing the land anew. But the committee realized that it lacked the
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At the time this projec-t was started, Johnson grass was taking over some of Franklin county's most fertile
bottomland and spreading into other areas.
louxsox Gicxss (jox’1‘1 (1ot‘x‘rx‘ 1’1()tl that made It is hoped that still others will join in the light.
Port I — Root of the Problem
What is Johnson Gross? this continent even though extensive and concen- '
_I,,|m,,m gum is 2, l,C,—C,mg;,| smgtmm (-|,,s(»]y· ,-C. tratecl ellorts have been made to eradicate it. liach
,(.m|,]j,,g gmtm, g,~;,SS_ {I ,-(.|,,—,,([U(—(»$ |,>· souls amt year it Iurther encroaches on upland soils. Heavily
('Xl(‘lISI\`(‘ ttntl(‘t‘gt‘onncI rootstoclts. Since its entry IIIIIUSICII IICIIIS €II`€ [>I`1I¢`lII`1Ill)' \\’O1`llIICSS IUI IIIC I
into the United States, it has spread to all parts ol SIIIWIIIR Ill I"’“` I`I"’I’$· l·€llI III"IIc» II Cilsllll UIII
the southern cliine, and as lar west as (lalilornia, I`lII’I*€ IIIII II I"’I`IIIICIIly llI’I` €XIIIIIPI€·
as liar east as Maryland and Massachusetts and as ,\Il.ll()lIgll the grass can be used lor hay or pas-
Iar north as Michigan. ture, its disadvantages as a crop menace greatly out-
()nce it was thought to be a southern-type grass. WCIQII IIS IIIl"iIIIIII¥I`”·
a notion now largely clispelled since it survives win- Hcw To Avoid Spreading It
ters in northern ()hio. Indiana, Illinois and south- . . .
_ __ _ V _|ohnson grass oltc·n shows up Inst. on a Iartn as
etn Aliclngan. . . , .
' ( a single plant or in small patches. Such small Ill·
HOW ,.0 Recognile It Iestations can be destroyed readily by digging up
Tho ;l\_(_mg(_ hcighl OI mmmv Plumx B immml U the plants or spot-treating them with. chemicals,
Ieet. Stems are about the si/e ol a lead pencil. and llllll llllollcllllllli lllc llllicllll lll lllli gllllsl llllll llcllllllll
the broacl-hlaclecl leaves are one-hall to three-c]uar- llllllllllllcll llullll
ters ol an inch wide with a light green inidrib. The TIIC WWII *l’I`CIIIl* lll IIIIIICIKIIIIIIIII I`I"’I$II’I`l** II*
,,1,.t.c ..st.;.11y g»t—accs in i»cmc—ttc·s cc-tut sc-t-mi scum MII =·> I>>‘ MII- SCCII <>·I ¤~II·I>II~II¤II·¤·IS I¤~II=·II>‘
H,-icglm [mm Cm-ll mm (-I-(N-n_ matures in _]uly, but on plants starting Irom seed
Soul Iuwuls I.m_Im_(l HL thc ml) or [hc stem MC or lrcnn regrowth ol cltpped plants, it matures later
l>ranc·hed and become reddish when nearing matur- lll II‘°` Sllllllllclx lilllllls Slllllllll _llCllCll_llC llllllllllcll lll
mg Tho _(_(_(lS uw Uhl(mg_ wd ml (lurk bmwn in develop inature seed because birds., livestock. wnrd,
mlm. l_;\m|)li$hu! Plimh lmw lurgcl Mesh}, mob and drainage waters can spread it to mlest aclja-
stocks, olten as ntuch as a hall¥inch in diameter, liclll llclllS'
which live over winner. lly its rootstock. _|ohnson USIIIIIIY IIIIVC I`lI’*€ IIIIIIIIES II YCIIIU (`IIIII IIIIIC IIS
wut, g, Caei], ktgslgllgllggtlut [I1"!]Slulsulgliusgl the plants develop seed heads, will prevent seed
production. (Zutting as described should be done
WhY C0¤I’I’¤I II'? on road and ditch banks. Ience rows. and waste
The spread ol` _|ohnson grass has been relatively lands, as well as in Iields and pastures, until the
continuous during the {28 years ol` its existence on grass can be destroyed.
I Iitxrtczicx .\(ll{|(ZI`I.lI`l`R,\I, IiXl’l·YI{l\Il·]X'I` Srvrtox I’i’ll! z v > A   ?’ .¤· » . ~ ·’*
V . r  . :Z at rw lla, ¤’    J — ·*  f ed
4  ll`?    B”’»e· iv.   C     B·
~  Jv  .2; w n  lg    °
N`.   V     'éi  
A   ll . _ .¥lly "\    ; B   fj
 T b i       il l  ls 7/  
‘~` ,,..  wg  {11  AV,.,—,,,__   ` g
l  all   · ‘ A  A P     / ·l \\ — »
    V   ;A_ A   . l\ 1_   K I}.   \\
      4 ‘\ `
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.‘ srt   r
{ y   4       I (Left) The yardstick beside the plant helps to show the size
    Q g K of this freshly dug Johnson grass plant. A portion of the
`} .       _ ii   fleshy rootstocks is shown.
·  -?'  ,· is , . .
 5;}*, A   Ely`;   ’ (Above) This drawing of ports of Johnson grass shows the
_f "`/   ;_,    two means of reproducti0n—A. The underground, creep-
.    - ly"   .   ing rootstocks which live over winter and B. The seed
  ’\_V   (sorghum-like) borne in open panicles at the top of the
i*>·‘   ,_-x,. maturing plant.
JOHNSON (iR.\>H (iUN'l`R()l.~.\ l".\R\l .\Nll (i()l`N'I`Y l)R(>(Ll{\\l 5

 'l`o avoid s ireadin the rootstock )lCtICS from in- erv in which seeds mi ·ht lodve should he cleaned
I I-? I I 8 e
lested spots i11 cultivated Helds, raise the hreakiiig before being moved from infested fields to clean
Ilow or cultivatin tool while Iassiu thrott h such fields.
I fs l g 2
spots. New plants can start from tl1e nodes or
joints ol any rootstocks that are lIl()\'€(l and dropped F"°"kl'" C°““lY G€°"$ f°r A°t'°“
iI1 I-lean soil. Disk ll1ll`l`()\\'S can he used without More lllilll Yll }’<‘¥*l`$ =Ig<>_l·>l1I1s<>1I §¤`i¤$$ WIS i*p1ie]) S€€» ~.,. Ir-- ‘·   ·‘ f   . V  - .1 .1 I . 41
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Johnson grass producing seed on highway and railroad rights-of-way furnishes a constant source of infesta-
tion to adiacent farm lands. Both hi hwa and railroad em lo ees have used control measures in Franklin
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The Frunklin county plot experiments in Johnson grass control ut the time of the l958 field duy conducted
for form leaders.
leaguered Franklin county larmers laced the neces- Lucky Agricultural Experiment Station, and the
sity ol` doing something on their own. State ASC ollice added Johnson grass control to its
ln 1956, representatives ol the Franklin County cost-sharing program, which subsequently was
l·`arm Bureau made a survey to determine the ex- broadened to include other counties anxious to be
tent ol` infestation in Franklin county. Startled, rid ol` the weed.
they lound more than l,2()() acres ol crop land un-
der attack or already devastated. In November ol` The B°"l° ls J°'"°d
llllll y·€lll— lll€ glsl lllgellllg (ll llllclcslcll glollps was l·ranklm countys research program was n.tttated
· - 7 ' . . f"* ' .' . . _ . ,_
called to consider county-wide control measures. Ul Al'?.“*l· l9—’/· lll Um l"ll"“'“g l“"“"""l‘ l"
· . . , . .' y "' ` . . ,‘. `. ~ . . Y . l t
()l—glllll,llllOllS l—€l)l·€$€lll€l[ ll·€l·€ lllc ylllllkllll 1l()(l, 1/ ol the county s 60 latms known to hast.
(lounty l·`arm Bureau, Franklin (Zounty Coopera— _l"lm$"" grim “'€l`€ "'*'l€*l· l`€"‘“"l* "l '“l"*“"l
liye jixlcllsjml 5€l·l·ll·€_ Kellllll-ky gllllc Deplllllllclll areas were kept and control steps recommended.
lyll _\g·]·i(·lll[ul‘(·’ y\g]`i(·Ullu]·;ll (lglyllllillgg Oli the Ken, lQ,Xl)€l`llll€Il[1ll l)l()lS \\'(`l`€ llllll (NIL t>ll al`t111€llt 01 Eeonomic Development made available
weaken plants and prevent production 01 seed be- to the Kentucky Agric