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  AND A (Y6,/ll? ¤
Vol. 7, No. 3 ........................ Summer 1961 `
A report of progress published quarterly by the Agricultural Experiment Station,
University of Kentucky, Lexington {
 
KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Material appearing in this publication may be re-
STATION produced without further permission, provided that
n . *
EQIANK ]. 2/E§Cll ............................ Digcctort (on leave; gnu acknowledgment is made of the source and that P
irrmu . EAY .............................. rrec or acmg _ . . _ . . ·,
w. P. GAnmcus .................................... Associate Director “‘{ °}‘““g€ IT h°“d‘“gS °' tm " made “’“h°“t app’°val
_I. Ai.i.AN Surrrr .................................. Agricultural Editor bl he nut OL r
Kentucky Farm and Home Science Address correspondence about articles in this pub-
iosrrrr G. DUNCAN ................................................ Editor h°*“if’“ *0 €“h'$’ the ‘*“th°“ P' the _D"p“"t‘“°T‘t °f _
LOUISE BOSWELL .................................... Assistant Editor Public Infommtlon and Ed¤¤¤¤¤¤¤l A1dS· Expenment I
llomanr C. MAY .......................................... Photographer Station Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, V
H
I Thi Iss e
{ !
KEN·rUc1¤·¤. W00d)’
,_ nnos of rosoaron Ono is tho nso of bnrioia dark oigan plant hard to cut at harvest time. Sometimes it s per-
and Hue-cured varieties to check on resistance to the VGYSEIY *d)l€ td Stdlld dw tddglwst “’€2lth€l`·I)Ut $U€·
··;\ aphid. A second is the use of several hundred foreign Cdmbs td d mild $hOW€1`·
  __ tobaccos, some of which also are resistant. The third TO the UK- ASl`1Cdltd1`dI EXl)€`i`ml€Ut SUIUOU agi?
` "` is tho nso ot Soino Wild Snooios of tobacco (Nicotiana) cultural engineers, itis a tascinating mechanism about
A ,. which aro resistant which little is known of its real physical properties.
xt plant Solootions ot foroign tobaooos havn Shown So Hubert Casada, graduate research assistant, is
more resistance than Selections or tho Standard burley deep in a proiect to {ind out what makes a tobacco
_ _,.; Varioti€SI Thurston Said Crossos oi? those foreign to_ plant bend, Snap, resist pressure, lodge and do many
·____ baccos with the burley plants have shown intermediate Odlm d““g*·· ll hed hs dude dub It will be m 5Um*
resistance. The wild species, when crossed with to- (Cr,,,,t,,,rr,r[ mi page 8)
aa,
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Some physical properties of to- ` in       i‘’',     r,_   `¤ E   i
in bacco are being studied by Re- "  ```’ ” I   i`ii A iniii A "'i'`"ii’`’i     “iii;` ·> A -Y   ·   _,,._,,,,   ·-·* ° "  W M "
searcher Hubert Casada with the ` — y , ‘       A . »,,       / .  
_ _ _ _ ,     ·   .¢·» »·- ‘ ·  
A. and ot this machine which meas-   " ‘ ·*’’··‘‘·»=-—     ,,g__ V xi   is a gw , ;_,A·~  
. t.A ‘ ` "",   / ‘·  
ures the amount of stress that a ‘ _ A;  ,   __,,_,__;rrr___ir   F     ~ ·‘
vg; tobacco plant can resist. Having A A,     ii   ·-¢-     ,
more accurate data on tobacco ._   $   ~ jA 
··* plants will help in development         AA     ,  ¢i· 'Q;] i
_ of mechanization of tobacco   » » ~/»./ ,,   _ _     V`  I ‘  
,4 A . V A V . V./AV wh,     _,_   ~ A 4  .  . V , .    
giowmg and harxesting. ». »   ,,_\_ ~     A    . » ~ A. i//»    
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Krzwruckr FAR}! ANI) Horn; SCIENCE-—SUl\Il\IElK, 1961 3

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     Ir   AA T;,.,,»  A? A   AA . ,A } _.& g      —- .   ;j—a_,A_ ~  i  __ ,.;A  _  A—_  Z V used this past year Y
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* ) I
LARGE-SCALE USE OF HALF-BROTHER STEERS HELPS ,.— A
W k S d U B {R h  
Iiy W. l’. (LARRIGUS .1-
I)4VymrIni¢·nI of Animal IIu.vIuuuIry
The l)e iartment of Animal llusbandr has scored tional merit. It was reasoned that substantial further
l
another "iirst in its continuin f eilort to develo > re- rains could be made onl ¢ throuvh the use of a thor- " 
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search inlornuitiou and tested production methods oughly tested superior sire. Such sires are exceedingly
that will enable Kentuckv livestock Jroducers to no- few and are seldom for sale. For that reason Mere-
. 1
duce "a better product at less cost. The announced worth Farm decided to purchase a one-third interest t`
goal of this total program is a $2()(),()()(),(l()() increase in T R Zato Heir 181 for $10,000 even though this   A A
in livestock income for Kentucky by 1970. necessitated an artificial breeding program for its
This latest "iirstA` was planned over three years ago herd. °‘·
when the author recommended to Mereworth Farm, This bull was selected mainly because he had been __
of Lexington. that it purchase a one-third interest in sucessfully progeny tested in the show ring, in respect
'l` li Zato lleir 181t a lie fister of Merit Hereford bull to carcass rrade, and in the Kentuck beef bull Jer- °‘ T
e c 1
which died last une 11. formance test. In fact, T 11 Zato Heir 181 ranked 27th A
. sf
Mereworth Farm had been enrolled in U.K.As beef in the all-time Hereford Register of Merit. At the time
herd performance testing program and was anxious to of his death, only a few living Hereford sires out- -
make a s iectacular increase in both weaning wei hts ranked him in the number of show winnin rs earned
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and tv we score of its feeder calves. This farm annuall I bv his ret. His rank has yossibilities of im yroveinent
A l . 1 _
produces over 600 Hereford feeder calves of excep- as long as his progeny continue to show. He was the *
4 Kisxruckr FARBI Axn Horn; SCIENCE-—SU)II\IER, 1961 V_

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·"“*" **°‘·»$°`%””¥  A ***·` 4`}?*"’L  "3 ?"’ °*  Y”’*;`=··*—*?”"*’i The carcasses of some of the half·brother steers in the cooler
k Silver Prince 194, another promising young sire being used of a Louisville meat packer. The average carcass grade was
in current beef trials. (Ihoice minus (I2).
,o.
Kicxrucxv FA1ur Axn Irloxnc Sc11;xcm—SU:\1xr1211. 1961 5

 • • •
CCB €I’3t€ €ll'Il glng €1Ilg tll 16 s
by U.K. Meats Research Staff ~.. 
Prclilninary results are prmmising; any time. If aging is limited to warm weather, how-
. . . ever, production is still limited.
(l€fIIIlt€ I`€COII`lIIl€I](lHtlOHS y€t Tl _ -_ »
ieie is a good demand for aged hams throughout
I0 136 announced the year. Because of that and, also, because of limited "'W
production and the need to expand the market for a .,;__
BY JAMES D- KEN? good uniform product, methods for increasing the rate f (
· · A · 111 .-1 1 · . . . ( .
’)""'"""'" "I """" """'“"’ of a ting were studied b 1 the Kentuckv Agricultural
t C7 4 U
Nlany dry—cured hams having the so-called old ham Experiment Station.  
flavor are produced in Kentucky and other southern A ham-aging room was built several years ago. In
states. The develo > these desirable characteristics this room the tem nerature is maintained at 65°F with “ "
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after bein f ex nosed to natural warm summer tem vera- a relative humiditv ot 55 to 60 yercent. Hams et uiva- . ·.
_ · _ 1~ .
tures. This dependence on warm weather limits the lent to those ot a year old can be produced satisfac-
production to one crop a year. \Vith modern refrigera- torily in 5 or 6 months. Based on the satisfactory re- “‘
tion and temperature control, hams can be cured at sults of several years° experience at this temperature, .
 we   ‘ is  i Q  digg ? ,1*
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hams being used in tests on   ,_ -   .,   »‘‘‘_  M  - ..   »
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the rate el aging of hams. ·—   ‘   'gé . -_·..   ---a      
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Hams are aged at l(‘Hlp(Tl`il- “~       --1.   _______   %A_  1  ,,=_V1  
tures ranging frmn 75 to l05 K   _ of U l ll`» { »»,- V?   i--tA4·‘ ,,;i§2s». `’:`l   inll   Aiiil AZ __``'   °‘‘       W
tit-gr-t-as r. Tim- mt- ia-pt in   @,a·~§ » c   V    V       V—.·  
special tahinets in which the   A {  ij " `'‘·     “ V   i`:i' V °`'"     V__‘_   p V__‘‘___   /b__‘A'`i     *A;
temperature and relative I1u·         {gx ' `il'' ii . .__v V        f ir   ._.,_  
mitlitv can he t·arel`uIlv ron-   _ ·· ; if Y  I       ii     l ikég .-·,- . Qi »..» tw B
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fi Kicxtretrxx Fitnxr Axn Iloxni Scti1·:xe1cYSt‘xixr15n. 1961

 _ plus the help of a financial grant from the Kentucky average dressing percent was 63.52; and the average
i  45 Department of Economic Development, the Station carcass grade was Choice minus (12).
· decided to try faster aging methods. The most significant part of this whole project lies
v Four temperature-humidity—controlled aging cabi- in the fact that considerable variation in average daily i
,* nets were built so that temperatures could be main- gains was eliminated through the use of half-brothers.
tained as high as 110°F. Hams, after normal dry-cur- This represents a practical compromise of the re-
. ing and smoking, were placed in these cabinets at searcher’s ideal which calls for the use of identical
Y temperatures of 80, 90, 100, and 1I0°F, respectively, twins for nutritional research. By using half-brothers,
with a relative humidity of approximately 55-65 per- small but real differences due to tested items can be .
A cent. Humidity control is important, as increased uncovered with fewer steers and less repetition of re-
ii shrinkage occurs at lower humidities and excess mold search—with a consequent saving in time and money.
growth occurs at high humidities. So far as can be determined, this is the first and only
` Hams were removed from the cabinets at monthly time that a land grant institution or commercial re-
. intervals, analyzed for fat characteristics, and tested search establishment has ever used 80 half—brothers for '
i I b` by a palatability panel. The results were variable. The steer feedlot research.
ti highest temperatures were evidently too high because The project is continuing with over 100 sons of
V the outside fat was discolored and over—rancid. A few T B Zato Heir 181 headed for U.K. feed lots this fall.
in hams spoiled, evidently due to being subjected too In addition, a smaller group of calves sired artifically —
g quickly to the extreme conditions. Some hams were by Big Foot Corrector, a $10,000 herd sire at Mere-
V A excellent at 4 to 5 months, showing that fast aging is worth, will be purchased for U.K. research this fall.
A it possible. Because too many hams were undesirable, In the fall of 1962, groups of calves sired by four
‘ s the initial test was regarded as only partially success- carefully selected Hereford bulls will be compared in
ful. Therefore, modifications were made and new tests our feedlots and through a packing plant in an effort
I C begun. to discover lines of Hereford breeding that combine
. Je Present tests include hams being aged at 75, 85, 95, rate of gain, feed efficiency and desirable carcass char-
jr dg and 105°F as well as the 65° control hams. The hams acteristics in a high degree. Dr. Neil Bradley, of the
It were kept in cure for a longer time to allow better Animal Husbandry Department, and the author are
»>J salt equalization. After smoking, they were placed in convinced that desirable eating qualities can be bred
_ the 65° room for 2 weeks before being placed in the into beef cattle whereas, up to now, such qualities
1 warmer cabinets. After 3 months in the cabinets there have been fed into our cattle at a high cost, with a
seems to be no spoilage. Palatability tests will be made resulting excess of carcass fat. Our belief is based on
again soon. genetic research which shows that tenderness has a ·
No definite recommendation can be announced yet. heritability index of 61%, ribeye area 69%, and dress-
at Details will have to be worked out so that uniform, ing percentage 71%.
i i consistent results can be expected. When and if this Other research has shown that ribeye area is closely
A occurs, recommendations will be forthcoming. associated with cutout value in the beef calf. Every
3» additional inch of ribeye area means approximately $4
extra cutout value Jer 600- >ound carcass at resent
  Haulbrothcr Steers Used beef prices. Since iibeye aiea ranges from zi) to 16
aq (Continued from Page 5) inches per 600-pound carcass, it is evident that great
Cb0iC€ minus   according to tb€ K€ntn01¤¤d>, Piiysiciii qiiaiiiies Oi ieiii (to $@9 hvw much `
sircs using part ownership, artificial insemination, ioiice is iieqiiiied tO biiiiisé Oi i€m` ith IMG of growth, ,_
fecdlot testing, complete carcass evaluation, and type Bia
scores as the bases for a selective breeding program. Thii possibilities M6 €1101‘m0uS. Casada does not  
More will bc heard about the results some two years emphasize this pOi11t but will admit he hopes he or H.
iittiictt someone will find one iikey pointii physical measure-
ment on the plant whereby it may be possible to pre- ”**
_ _ dict accurately the plantis height, number of leaves,
K€lllllCkY R€S€iIl`Ch