xt7qjq0stw34_4389 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7qjq0stw34/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7qjq0stw34/data/1997ms474.dao.xml unknown archival material 1997ms474 English University of Kentucky The physical rights to the materials in this collection are held by the University of Kentucky Special Collections Research Center.  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. W. Hugh Peal manuscript collection Bound volume of autograph letters from Thomas Manning to Charles Lamb text 43.94 Cubic Feet 86 boxes, 4 oversize boxes, 22 items Poor-Good Peal accession no. 11453. Bound volume of autograph letters from Thomas Manning to Charles Lamb 2017 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7qjq0stw34/data/1997ms474/Item_17/Multipage21533.pdf 1798-1834 1834 1798-1834 
  Scope and Contents
  Peal accession no. 7546. The volume has a printed title page, dated New York, 1927, and a printed introduction by Gertrude M. Ridgway. The frontispiece is a print of a bust of Manning from Mrs. G. A. Anderson's edition of the letters. Includes translations and descriptions of the letters.
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Original
Autograph L€tters

from
THOMAS MANNING

t0
CHARLES LAMB

1798-1834

Wz'tﬂ Introduction

NEW YORK

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7-HT? interesting and unique series of Thomas Manning letters came to this country after
the death of their late owner, Mrs. Gertrude Alison Anderson. It was Lamb’s habit to de-
stroy all letters and therefore much surprise has been felt at his having preserved so many of
Manning’s; but this is explained by the fact that Manning desired him to do so. “I beg of you
to keep all my letters—I hope to send you many—and I may in the course of them make some
observations that I shall wish to recall.” Lamb, therefore, had little choice in the matter.
Manning is believed to have written regularly and abundantly to Lamb, but of his letters
from the East only nine have been preserved. These nine originals are in this collection.
Manning’s own Journal, kept during his travels in Tibet, was printed by Sir Clements
Markham, ﬁfty years ago. These letters, supplemented by his Journal, are all we have of the

personality which so instantly and pertinaciously attracted Charles Lamb.

[IV 1796 Charles Lamb wrote Coleridge: “Among all your quaint readings did you ever
light upon Walton’s ‘Compleat Angler?’ I asked you the question before; it breathes the
very spirit of innocence, purity, and simplicity of heart; there are many choice old verses inter-
spersed in it: it would sweeten a man’s temper at any time to read it; it would christianize
every discordant angry passion.”

Words more appropriate could not be found that so aptly describe the charm and ﬂavor of
Lamb’s own letters; and of all his correspondents Manning is the most interesting to us because
he drew from Lamb the most important series of letters belonging to his formulative period.

Manning was a remarkable personage, a resident of Cambridge where he was mathematical
tutor at Caius. He was the son of a Norfolk parson, and born in I 772 in the rectory of Broome.
It is recorded that as a child he showed “many indications of powers of mind of no ordinary
cast.” His health was delicate, and he was taught at home, until at the age of eighteen be pro-
ceeded to Caius College, Cambridge.

He possessed a scientiﬁc mind of unusual force and an enthusiasm which he later turned to
a practical purpose. Lamb’s admiration for his friend was great and for his genius it knew no
bounds. To Henry Crabb Robinson he wrote that he was the most “wonderful man” he had ever
met. Probably the interests of Manning’s life being so remote from his own, accounted for this
extravagant admiration. Lamb certainly used the opportunity thus unconsciously aﬂorded, for
the very absence of a responsive humor in his correspondent imparted an additional richness to
his own.

Their friendship, starting when Lamb was twenty-four, Manning twenty—six, lasted until
the year of Lamb’s death. Lamb was beginning to feel his way to his true place in Literature.
He had already contributed to “Poems on Various Subjects,” I796; “Poems on the Death of
Priscilla Farmer,” Bristol, 1796; “Poems” by S. T. Coleridge, 2nd Edition, 1797; “Blank

,

Verse” by Lloyd and Lamb, 1798; “Annual Anthology,’ I799, edited by Southey, and had

written “A Tale of Rosamund Gray,” 1798. Of these “Rosamund Gray” was easily the most

 

  

 

 

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promising. Founded on "Lamb’s ﬁrst and only love, this little romance is redolent of his native
sweetness of heart and indeﬁnable charm of style. Shelley, writing Leigh Hunt from Leghorn
in 1819, paid a beautiful tribute to its merits: “What a lovely thing is ‘Rosamund Cray,’
how much knowledge of the sweetest and deepest part of our nature in it: When I think of such
a mind as Lamb’s, when I see how unnoticed remain things of such exquisite and complete
perfection, what should I hopefor myself, if I had not higher objects in view than fame?”
Southey, too, was a friend of ﬁve years standing, holding the place of literary adviser and
conﬁdant. Charles Lloyd “the friend of my bosom” was newer. But he was moody and sensitive
and a prey to melancholy. It was exceedingly fortunate for Lamb that he at this time met the

healthy natured Manning in whom he found reserves of strength and an intellect that satisﬁed

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even his exacting demands.

* E I After their ﬁrst meeting Lamb writes Robert Lloyd: “I believe I told you I have been to see
Manning. He is a dainty chiel.—~A man of great power—an enchanter almost.——Far beyond
h 1. Coleridge or any man in power of impressing—when he gets you alone, he can act the wonders
of Egypt. Only he is lazy, and does not always put forth all his strength; if he did I know no
man of genius at all comparable to him.” A quarter of a century later he wrote to Coleridge: “I
am glad you esteem Manning, though you see but his husk or shrine. He discloses not save to
select worshippers, and will leave the world without anyone hardly but me knowing how stupen-
dous a creature he is.”

, Manning’s letters to Lamb, however, show few signs of greatness or profundity of thought.
i‘ ‘ But Lamb’s words carry conviction and the excellence of the letters Manning drew from Lamb
‘ i‘ fortify Lamb’s opinion.

i These Manning—inspired letters are of greater interest than any of any one period because
. they mark the beginning of Lamb as we best know him, the real Lamb, humorous, independent,
serious and full of wisdom.

, a i ‘ Under the inﬂuence of this new personality Lamb wrote in 1800 more letters than in any
A i year of his life until 1823, and this in spite of the fact that in his very ﬁrst to Manning be com-
: plained, “My scribbling days are past.” .
é ' l Strangely enough to this year belongs the one solitary instance in which Lamb allows us to
‘ bi see his patience and hopefulness fail him for a brief hour. Mary was ill again and removed to

"J ~ an asylum. To Coleridge he wrote: “I am completely shipwrecked. My head is quite bad. I

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9 . almost wish that Mary were dead. God bless you

. “ , A little later he writes to Manning in a tone of cheerful looking forward characteristic of the
, , \ patient, warm hearted Lamb. “I am going to change my lodgings, having received a hint that it
' would be agreeable, at our Lady’s next feast. I have partly ﬁxed upon most delectable rooms,
i which look out (when you stand a tiptoe) over the Thames and Surrey Hills, at the upper end
,3 l} of King’s Bench Walks in the Temple. There I shall have all the privacy of a house without
l \V the encumbrance, and shall be able to lock my friends out as often as I desire to hold free converse

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with my immortal mind; for my present lodgings resemble a minister’s levee, I have so increased
my acquaintance (as they call ’em), since I have resided in town. Like the country mouse, that
had tasted a little of urban manners, I long to be nibbling my own cheese by my dear self without
mouse—traps and time—traps. By my new plan, I shall be as airy, up four pair of stairs, as in the
country; and in a garden, in the midst of [that] enchanting, more than Mahometan paradise,
London, whose dirtiest drab-frequented alley, and her lowest bowing tradesman, I would not
exchange for Skiddaw, Helvellyn, James, Walter, and the parson into the bargain. 0! her lamps
of a night! her rich goldsmiths, print-shops, toyshops, mercers, hardwaremen, pastry-cooks!
St. Paul’s Churchyard! the Strand! Exeter Change! Charing Cross, with the man upon a black
horse! These are thy gods, 0 London! Ain’t you mightily moped on the banks of the Cam! Had
not you better come and set up here? You can’t think what a diﬂerence. All the streets and pave-
ments are pure gold, I warrant you. At least I know an alchemy that turns her mud into that
metal,—a mind that loves to be at home in crowds.”

In February of this year Lamb tells Manning of a new friend, William Godwin. “Godwin I
am a good deal pleased with. He is a very well—behaved decent man, nothing very brilliant about
him, or imposing, as you may suppose; quite another guess sort of gentleman from what your
Anti-Jacobin Christians imagine him.”

They never became close friends, however, but they knew each other’s value and Godwin later
made literary suggestions to Charles and Mary but for which the world might never have seen
“Tales from Shakespeare,” and “Mrs. Leicester’s School.”

These were happy, crowded days and Lamb’s sense of humor was put to every conceivable
use and incidentally added to his annual income. In his Elia Essay, “Newspapers thirty-ﬁve
Years Ago,” he recites at length just how he spent these days, rising two hours before breakfast to
elaborate his jests before he went to the India House. “No Egyptian task-master ever devised a
slavery like to that, our slavery. Half a dozen jests a day: we make twice that number every day
in our lives as a matter of course. . . . But then they come into our head. But when the head has
to go out to them, when the mountain must go to Mahomet!” By thus working much against the
grain Lamb made double the hoped for sum; but humor produced to order failed him and came
to an end in 1803. “The best and the worst to me,” he writes Manning in this year, “is that I
have given up two guineas a week at the Post, and regained my health and spirits, which were
upon the wane. I grew sick, and Stuart unsatisﬁed._Ludisti satis, tempus abire est. I must cut
closer, that’s all.”

Early in 1802 Lamb lost Manning, who went to Paris to study Chinese. From the time of
the Peace of Amiens he lived for three years in France. The French authorities so admired his
enterprise that, although the war was renewed, they let him go back for a visit to England when
he was ready to proceed to China.

September 24th, which was the date of Lamb’s next letter to Manning, Lamb says: “Since the

date of my last I have been a traveller. A strong desire seized me to visit remote regions. My ﬁrst

 

  

 

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impulse was to go and‘see Paris. It was a trivial objection to my aspiring mind, that I did not
understand a word of the language, since I certainly intend some time in my life to see Paris,
and equally certainly never intend to learn the language.”

The following February, Lamb received a real shock—a letter from Manning announced
that he was about to settle in Independent Tartary. He had been out of England for some time,
and was thus little in Lamb’s actual life, but France was not Tartary. Lamb felt the proposed
separation deeply but under cover of levity he dashed of his famous reply instantly. “Read Sir
John Maundevil’s travels to cure you, or come over to England. There is a Tartar-man now
exhibiting at Exeter Change. Come and talk with him, and hear what he says ﬁrst. Indeed, he is
no very favorable specimen of his Countrymen!” Lamb continues with more to this effect; but
Manning was not diverted from his purpose of visiting the East although he did not go until
1806.

In his next to Manning he sends him his beautiful poem “Hester.” “I send you some verses
I have made on the death of a young Quaker you may have heard me speak of as being in love
with for some years while I lived at Pentonville, though I had never spoken to her in my life.
She died about a month since.”

Lamb’s ﬁrst praise of Pig was uttered in his letter of February 1805 to Manning, in the
shape of a brawn which Manning had sent from Cambridge. “ ’Tis of all my hobbies the supreme
in the eating way. He might have sent sops from the pan, skimmings, crumplets, chips, hog’s
lard, the tender brown judiciously scalped from a ﬁllet of veal (dexterously replaced by a sala-
mander), the tops of asparagus, fugitive livers, runaway gizzards of fowls, the eyes of martyred
pigs, tender eﬂusions of laxative wood-cocks” and so forth.

For the next few years Manning, and in fact most of Lamb’s intimates, were out of London
much of the time. These years were hard and struggling ones for the Lambs. Charles wrote two
plays, “John Woodvil” and “Mr. H.” both of which were failures. But in May 1806 we ﬁnd
him writing Manning about “Tales from Shakespeare.” “She (Mary), is doing for Godwin’s
bookseller twenty of Shakespeare’s plays, to be made into children’s tales. . . . It’s to bring in
sixty guineas.” Then later we have the letter to Manning which tells of his “Adventures of
Ulysses,” and announces a more important undertaking, “Specimens of English Dramatic
Poets, etc.” “Specimens,” he writes, “are becoming fashionable. We have Specimens of Ancient
English Poets, Specimens of Modern English Poets, Specimens of Ancient English Prose
Writers, without end. They used to be called ‘Beauties.’ ”

In the Spring of the next year, 1806, Manning sails for China, not to return until 1817.
From his cabin on the “Thames” Manning said: “I go to China: What’s the difference to our
London friends? I am persuaded I shall come back and see more of you than I have ever been
able—who knows but I may make a fortune and take you and Mary out a-riding in my coach?
There’s nobody has a prior claim to you, you may depend upon it—of course you know you

must leave room for my little Chinese wife, because poor Pipsey’s feet are so small she can’t

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walk, you know. Does a man at my age forget and neglect his best and dearest friends? No:
well then, you and Mary are safe. 50 God bless you both.”

Lamb’s reply is a wishful one. “Four years you talk of, maybe ten, and you may come back
and ﬁnd such alterations! Some circumstance may grow up to you or to me, that may be a bar
to the return of any such intimacy. I daresay all this is Hum, and that all will come back; but
indeed we die many deaths before we die, and I am almost sick when I think that such a hold as
I had of you is gone. I have friends, but some of ’em are changed. Marriage, or some circum-
stance, rises up to make them not the same. But I felt sure of you.”

Yet, in spite of Lamb’s sorrow at the departure of his friend one can hardly imagine the thrill
that Lamb, such a stay-at-home in the ﬂesh, such a vagrant in the imagination, must have ex-
perienced when this familiar disappeared, with a last wave of the handkerchief, into unknown
Asia, then almost as remote as Mars is now.

That Lamb felt his departure keenly we learn by his letter to Manning. “I did not
know what your going was till I shook a last ﬁst with you, and then ’twas just like having
shaken hands with a wretch on the fatal scaffold. . . . A little kicking and agony, and then—
. . . 0h, Manning, I am serious to sinking almost when I think that all those evenings which
you have made so pleasant are gone, perhaps for ever.”

The curtain fell. Behind it, in disguise, the mathematician succeeded in reaching Lhassa, in
staying there for several months, in interviewing the Dalai Lama and in getting away again; the
ﬁrst Englishman who had ever set foot in the Forbidden City.

Thereafter the correspondence was broken and disjointed but Manning’s inﬂuence over
Lamb continued in all its force during the long separation of eleven years. Unfortunately most
of the letters were lost in transit and only nine are known to exist.

From I807 to I810, Manning made his headquarters with the East India Company fac-
tory at Canton from where he made occasional journeys into the interior of the country. In 1810
he became the ﬁrst Englishman to enter Lhassa. There he succeeded where so many other ex-
plorers had failed. He remained there many months before he returned to India where he prac-
tised as a physician. He then joined Lord Amherst’s mission to Pekin as interpreter and sailed
for England in 1816 much disappointed and strongly anti-social. 0n the voyage home his
vessel was wrecked when nearing Sunda in February, and the passengers were taken to St.
Helena where Manning renewed his acquaintance with Napoleon.

With a long and luxuriant heard, to which he was devoted, and rich in Asiatic lore he now
settled again in his native land, choosing for his home the village of Redbourne on the high road
between St. Albans and Wheathampstead. It is very curious but there is no trace of the friends
having met or even corresponding at ﬁrst, until, in fact there comes a very long letter from Man-
ning of May 30, 1819, as familiar and friendly as possible and which is notable for its curious
imitation of the “Elia” style of correspondence as to be almost a parody of Lamb. It is in this

letter that we get the rather wire-drawn piece of extravagance about the killing of pigs. “. . . if

 

 

 

  

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you come to the grosser delights what can be more delightful than killing a pig?” He then pro-
ceeds to dilate at length on chitterlings and pettitoes and sausages. It is a famous ﬁction
amongst Lamb lovers that it was Manning who gave Lamb his idea for his most famous of
Essays, “Dissertation on Roast Pig,” which appeared three and a half years later. There is, how-
ever, nothing in Manning’s letter about a Sucking Pig. Surely it takes a great leap of the
imagination to connect this letter with the Chinese manuscript which Lamb pretends that
Manning translated for him from the “Mundane Mutations of Confucius.”

Two interesting and important side—lights are thrown on the mental development and per-
sonality of Manning in these later years, by Barry Cornwall and Henry Crabb Robinson.

Barry Cornwall, who ﬁrst met Manning in 18 I 7, writes in his Memoir: “When the Chinese
traveller returned to London, he was very often a guest at Lamb’s residence. I have repeatedly
met him there. His countenance was that of an intelligent, steady, almost serious man. His
journey to the celestial empire had not been unfruitful of good; his talk at all times being full of
curious information, including much anecdote, and some (not common) speculations on men
and things. When he returned, he brought with him a native of China, whom he took one evening
to a ball in London; where the foreigner from Shanghai, or Pekin, enquired with much na'i'vete
as to the amount of money which his host had given to the dancers for their evening’s perform-
ance, and was persuaded with diﬂiculty that their exertions were entirely gratuitous. Manning
had a curious habit of bringing with him (in his waistcoat pocket) some pods of the red pepper,
whenever he expected to partake of a meal. His original intention (as I understood) when he
set out for China, was to frame and publish a Chinese and English dictionary; yet—although
he brought over much material for the purpose—his purpose was never carried into eﬂect.”

From this year of I817 until his death in 1840 we get very few glimpses of Manning and of
this period of his life very little is known. Crabb Robinson in his diary for March 5, I824,
writes: “Walked over to Lamb. Meant a short visit, but M onkhouse was there as well as Man-
ning; so I took tea and stayed the whole evening, and played Whist. Besides, the talk was agree—
able. On religion, M (anning) talked as I did not expect; rather earnestly on the Atonement, as
the essential doctrine of Christianity, but against the Trinity, which he thinks by a mere mis-
take has been adopted from Oriental philosophy, under a notion that it was necessary to the
Atonement. C.L.’s impressions against religion are unaccountably strong, and yet he is by
nature pious. It is the dogmatism of theology which has disgusted him, and which alone he
opposes; he has the organ of theosophy.”

But perhaps the most vivid impression we get of Manning, the mystic, is through Thomas
Allsop. He says: “I retain a very vivid recollection of Manning, though so imperfect in my
memory of persons that I should not recollect him at this time. I think few persons had so great
a share of Lamb’s admiration, for to few did he vouchsafe manifestations of his very extraor-
dinary powers. Once, and once only, did I witness an outburst of his unembodied spirit, when

such was the eﬂect of his more than magnetic, his magic power (learnt was it in Chaldea, or in

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pro- that sealed continent to which the superhuman knowledge of Zoroaster was conveyed by Con-

fucius, into which he was the ﬁrst to penetrate with impunity), that we were all rapt and carried

,s of aloft into the seventh heaven. He seemed to see and to convey to us clearly (I had almost said

tion

row- adequately) what was passing in the presence of the Great Disembodied ONE, rather by an
.- the intuition or the creation of a new sense than by words. Verily there are more things on earth than
that are dreamt of in our philosophy. I am unwilling to admit the inﬂuence this wonderful man had

over his auditors, as I cannot at all convey an adequate notion or even image of his extraordinary
per- I and very peculiar powers.”

Until the end Manning spent a leisurely life in the country, the simple pleasures of which

"839 “(You have Dukes, we have Ducks)” he appreciated. He saw Lamb frequently, corresponded
‘edly with him in the intervals, and died in 1840, leaving a then unequalled collection of Chinese
H is books now owned by the ROyal Asiatic Society.
ill of It is indeed strange that a man of such powers and knowledge should put them to so little
men use. He amused and instructed himself; he could never be bothered to amuse or instruct the
ning public. The mute inglorious Miltons are not conﬁned to the village church-yards; it takes not
ivete only natural powers but ambition, or a sense of duty, or the oppression of the thing undone, to
)rm- make a great man. At all events, it was something more than a common achievement to have got
ning to Lhassa, Tibet, and to have been loved by Charles Lamb.
’PGT, GERTRUDE M. RIDGWAY
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