xt7qrf5kbz0j https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7qrf5kbz0j/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1926 journals kaes_circulars_001_2_118 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 118 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 118 1926 2014 true xt7qrf5kbz0j section xt7qrf5kbz0j Extension Division
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director ,
(REVISED)
ORCHARDING
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Lexington, Kentucky
January, 1926.
Y`11i·N#lu~¤I in <··»t1m·4·titm with tho a;ri4·ulturaI t~xtt·usi<¤11 work carried
mf W ¤‘¤<>1·<·rati·»n of tho Cnllvgv nt ;\grit·ultur¤·, l'nix·e1·sity ot` 1{u11t11cky.
“`W\ the I'. S, l1t·]»;trtmt·nt nt' ;\§I`i(‘l]lilll`t", and distri!¤utt~d in f\ll`tilCl`iU\C€
of the work ]>ruvi¤1t·n;ross of May S, 1U14_

  V
i
CONTENTS
I‘.i;··
Prépzlrillg for all 0rt·l1:i1‘4l A AA g
Site and soil A ;
Preparation oi the land AA A ;
NllI`S€I‘y Stork   __,V AA ;
Planting tho ort·haril ;~
Plantin: with l’<'llilI`li A; }{,y.q]
Soil inanageintrnt 17 4:_AAii,
(`arc of young t1I`tililI`llS AA A 2 _`   A
Care of tho l>t·;irina :ippl· m¤1·:i1ai·tl —  
Use of clovors ....   AA _. Z`] ‘
Fertilizers AA .,.., AA  A A ;t Zi`?1;i
Care of the lwariiiu pvarii tVI`l';iill'l] }·`.·1·tiEi;t is ;.   i`
Common posts rf the orrliartl -é ` 4.,. {I
Rabbits. Mice .._. A A .t   H
Spraying ._,,,... A __...i .2; " I  
Fuz1gi<·i¢1e·s for app1t><  IT IIIIIIIZI
A Fungicides for stone fruits A JV? ·` ·*
Dusting A A A   AA A A A SET ‘i*,’ Fit
Insecticitlts AAAAAA     TT g··m
Poisons AAAAA   A__AA   A   A ITT Al WN
Contact iiis¤A·¤·ti<·i¤l»·s A 1`~ __ A
Spraying inatiliiiitwy AAAAA A AAAA AA A AA A $?· IIIIIII
Spray s¤#l1t‘il(‘]l<‘N   A A U I!
Spray s<·h@raY sclierliilw for sour l'1lt‘l'I`i\‘!< A II i{»~\-I.
Spray sc·hc for p1i11nsAAA A A ii
Home propagation of applee trcys ?I IIIIIIIII
Stocks and <·i<>ns AAAA A AA A . Yi wm"
Root grafting A AAAA A AAAA A   ii I‘T`*·;llIl¤' lllll<‘ lll1l|l1‘ |ll.*'llill'(l$ lli1\'<5 1-<1111i11111i·1l t0
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  (i*lllllll*`l(°l[ll 111·1·l1:11·1ls s11p11ly l1111 il s111:1ll purt 0f thc fruit 1-011-
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 W .
4 Ifcnttzeky Exfeizsion Cl·I'(.'l([(II` No. JIS
1 eases, as the primary industry ol` the t`arni. The growing ot` op. mm)
chards commercially is becoming highly specialized aml requirt·< wm,
— a knowledge of orchard problems, business experience uml or. iwl
ganizing ability. sti, i
This circular is designed to give the amateur orehardist tlt··
fundamentals of orcharding. Technical details have been oinittol
as far as possible.
PREPARING FOR AN ORCHARD
Sife. An orchard is a long-time investment aml as the trees
occupy the ground for many years, great care should be talieu
in selecting the best possible location and soil. The best. site t`··:·
an orchard is one where the land is rolling or gently sloping.
with an elevation somewhat. higher than the stt1·roumling eouu-
try. A high situation insures air drainage; that is. the cold air.
being heavier than warm, sinks to the lower levels attd as a result
the fruit on the high land often escapes injury from the spring
frosts. Usually it is advisable to avoid very high aml abrupt
hilltops, on account of their exposure to severe winds. The site
for a home orchard should be chosen for eonvenien··e near the
. house, on an elevated, well drained. fertile piece of ground.
The recommendation for avoiding low land does not ulwuy<
hold true, however, for bottom lamls that are near large botlie<
of water. In such a situation the temperature of the air i<
modified by that of the water and there is less injury to the fruit
by a hard freeze or frost.
There is a difference of opinion regarding what is the bes?
exposure. Any slope may be used where the soil is good uml well
drained, and the rock is not too near the surt`at·e.
Soil. Any good farm soil or laml that grows good corn or
tobacco generally is suitable for fruit growing, provided the
Subsoil is deep and well drained. Low, wet land is not satisfev- Lflmr
tory unless there is ample surface aml umler drainage to 0Z11`l`}' mms
off the excess water. upllm
Pi‘0p(H‘ul1`0n of the Lund. To insure a good growth the l:t111l Fhly
. or sc
should be well prepared before setting out the trees. lf the lautl D
has been in sod or remained in an nneultivated state for $01119 grow

 Orclzarding 5
_‘"" time, or if the vegetation indicates :1 lack of fertility, it is well to
""" etiltivate the soil for a year or two and grow cover crops for turn-  
Ur` ing under. lt is good praetis to plow the land in the fall and
sow it in rye which is to he turned under the following spring.
llw K M
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uit { "  
ell
l·`i:. 1. Apple tree. Fig. 2. A well—sli:1ped two·ye:1r-old
(ll` apple ll'•2•3.
he
W Later in the season plant soybeans, hog them down, letting the
,.\. wines remain on the land the following winter and plow them
` under in the spring. This method of culture not only adds fer-
ml Tllity to the soil but puts the land in good physical eo11difi011
nd for setting out the trees.
uc Newly eleared land, especially when covered with a second
growth of tiniher, should he cultivated for two or more years
‘ \

 a
6 licirlzlc/ry ]Ll.l'{(`)lSI.U)L (‘1'1·<·11{<11· N11. 118
I in order to get rid of the stumps and lllltl4‘l'lbl`llSll. Souie ol` 1}1· insee
root-rot diseases all'eeiing £‘L‘1‘l2llll l'o1·est. trees are a1sso1·i11t.~.1 d@=¤l<
with the root—rot. of apple trees. ln order to prevent apple 11-We wllir
from heeoming infeeted. it is (lL‘Nll'2ll>lt‘ to 1·id the ti111l1¤·1· land 11;. \\‘l1ll<
tr = ».C  ‘ T
I '·,g,»  
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_______________A_____ ___,_______,__ ____ U P'  , 4 1 1
Fig. 3. Roots of apple tree injured by woolly aphis. 1:ej·et sneh 11w·1»s .~
these.
all stumps and roots and eultivate tl1e land to field crops several mpi
years preceding the planting of the orchard. mm
Nursery S100]:. In buying ]l.`1'lllt trees the order should he m SU
placed with some reliable ]lllI'S(%l')'_ 4\ll OX(‘(‘ll(¥lllQ plan is to visit Of ih
the nursery, preferably in the fall, and seleel the 11-ees. alt lllk‘l`<` but l
is a nursery nearby, so much the better. as trees proeured i`1·1>111
a loeal nursery can be planted without delay. the east of trans- Jose
portation is reduced and injury to the bodies and roots ol thc Fllvlii
trees is lessened. Sometimes, in shipping, the hody l>l‘<‘0lU@* he r<
bruised from rough handling and the roots frozen or dried ent over
from exposure. at ll
In selecting fruit trees more emphasis should be placed on teria
21 good rOOt system, a sound body, good shape and freedoin f1`0lll

 Orcharding 7
thi insects and diseases, than on the method of propagation, Some
my dealers in nursery stock insist on handling only apple trees .
•···< whirh are grafted on whole roots; some insist on bndded trees,
ny while others claim "pcdigree,~j    i·Zi‘·i'i`:?§:
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·,.·Y =  inout " S? ...••$*i;t¥' . -4·» ‘  *  ‘ \ ‘- ‘· ¢··‘i»-  '  ’k"·T’?i'—,—J
  tu; Jud V   ‘·¢.’(z..&*:¥e¤¤ · . *   l 1    Sah; T.
Fi; 5. Trench ready for ‘lieelin; in."
Sometimes it is advisable to plant two—year-old apple trees, mms`
because the tops have been formed in the nursery. A tree older ,I,,.iH,
than two years usually is l1ll(l(?Sll'2ll)l0. Many nurseries now are Main
heading their trees mueh lower than formerly, since low llC21(l$ Im, {
commonly are preferred. Some growers prefer one-year-old trees ,m,]{`.
which are mere whips, so they may shape the trees to suit them- ,.l,(,,S
selves. Two-year-old pear and cherry trees and one-year-old mitlwl
peach trees are preferred. takin,
_ I

 Orchardivzg 9 I
`tY When the trees urrive froni the nursery, unpuck them and,
TS if poxsilrle, heel them in or pluut theni ut; onee. If this cannot il
`"‘ llgtlonei1m11¤·¥}¤°‘
‘;'*‘ ,!·   . ·_ `.   ·.t r'   ·> :·»_.-1‘¤_>
{. ~ T v • °, ~ _ '· l ', . V- ` ` x  ing? 
Fi;. 6. Trees utter "li¤~¤·lin: in."
¤§ _ . . . .
· uees ure pureliused lll the l`ull lor the purpose of planting in the
`I spring: they should he unpueketl uml heeled in_ Select u Well-
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I l1l|‘ Il1·:1111)‘. 1}1‘i1111·~. .])1‘]1*'i(1llS :11111 {I1»11:11h:111 :11·1; 1;1111si11- .—
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1

 i
14 Kentucky Extension Circular N0. 118
The following varieties have given satisfactory returns in
some orchards: Jonathan, King David, York Imperial, Mammoth lml
Black Twig, Paducah, Ben Davis and Black Ben Davis. Vhc
Peaches. Peach varieties of chief commercial importance  
are Red Bird, Hiley, Carman, Hale, Champion, Belle of Georgia Yu
and Elberta, All the varieties listed except. lilberta and Hale {hir,
are white fieshed, appear hardy in bud and are valued particu- _, _
larly for local markets. K O`
bea
VARIETIES FOR THE HOME ORCHARD bca
Apples. A small area, one-half to three-fourths acre, con-
taining 15 to 20 trees, will give a continuous supply of fruit for
the average family, The following varieties, from early to late.
are recommended: Yellow Transparent, Red Astrachan, Graven- mc
stein or l\laiden’s Blush, Grimes Golden, Jonathan or King The
David, Winesap, Stayman, Rome Beauty, Delicious, Hyslop, Of l
Golden Sweet. TWO
Pears. The fruit grower and farmer are not advised to OTC}
plant pears, because of their susceptibility to blight, which may are
i not only cause considerable damage to the pear t.rees, but may Us
spread to apple trees nearby. The Seckel, KieHer, Garber and hw
LeC0nte are the principal varieties grown in this latitude. fm`]
Quluce. The quince, also, is very subject to blight and
therefore should not be planted near the apple orchard. The tiva
Orange is one of the most popular varieties. illlll
Peaches, The following varieties, from early to late, have WO
been found satisfactory for home use: Mayflower, Alton, Ililey, It H
Carman, Early Elberta, Hale, Champion, Belle of Georgia, El dm
berta, Heath Cling and Krummel.
Plums. The native plums, VVild Goose (2)* and Milton (2)
may be depended upon to produce a crop practically every season.
Other varieties valuable for home use are; Green Gage (3), uucX— be I
celled for canning; Lombard (3); German Prnne (3); Shrop— be I
Shire Damson (3); Shiro (1) ; Burbank (1). Many plum va1‘i<3· Mm
ties are self-sterile and special care should be taken to pr0vil1l11i•‘ll1l1‘