xt7rbn9x266p https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7rbn9x266p/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1945 journals 043 English Lexington. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Regulatory series, bulletin. n.43 text Regulatory series, bulletin. n.43 1945 2014 true xt7rbn9x266p section xt7rbn9x266p Regulatory Series, Bulletin No. 43 July, 1945
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
Thomas P. Cooper, Director
Commercial Feeds in Kentucky in 1944 ·
By J. D. TURNER, STACY B. RANDLE, W. G. TERRELL, and J. J. ROSE
CONTENTS
Page Page
Better Knowledge of F€edS.. I Table 1-—Minerals and Other
‘ Registration of Feed   ------·- 2 Matenais Usually Includ-
Standards and Regulations. 3 Od in 1,/{,,.,0,.31 Mixtures   I0
System of Tagging ................ 6 .
. Yellow Tag Feed   7 T3l)l€ 2—·TOI1I'lHg€ 111 1944 .... 11
Urea As a Source of Protein 8 Summélfy of RGSUUS ef IU-
Mineral Feeds .‘.._.....,_._........._,,. 9 speetion and Analysis, 1944 12
Tl1e estimated tonnage of commercial feeds consumed in Ken-
tucky during 1944, based on the guaranty tag sale, was 663,039 tons.
· This was an increase of 5.2 percent over 1943 sales. Of this tonnage,
151,325 tons were dairy feed; 40,000 tons, hog feed; 17,650 tons, horse
and mule feed; 194,356 tons, poultry feed; 2,470 tons, rabbit feed;
1,775 tons, sheep feed; 2,105 tons, dog feed; 2,750 tons, mineral feed;
26,725 tons, general stock feed; and 221,936 tous were straight by-
product feed and feed of a miscellaneous nature. A summary of
estimated sales by class of feed, in tonnage, is given in Table 2.
. BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF FEEDS
Modern milling methods remove from grain byproducts used for
feed much of ce1·tain food nutrients such as protein, minerals, and
vitamins, which formerly were left in. Moreover, when soils become
, depleted of essential mineral nutrients by intensive cultivation and
erosion, the quality of the plants grown is lowered, and therefore tl1c
average quality of food plants has tended downward during the past
few decades. Partly as a result, many supplement mixtures now are
on the market. to "balance the feed ration."
The Feed Control Department tries to inform and to protect pur-
chasers of commercial feeds by requiring that as much information as

 2 Kmnrucxy Aeaicovruaat Expsmmsnr STATION
possible be given on the state guaranty tag concerning the composition
of feeds odered for sale, including the amount of filler, when used.
The amount of filler that can legally be used is restricted to 25 pe1·cent.
Nevertheless, about 47,245 tons of filler or "yellow tag" feed were
sold in Kentucky in 1944, or 7.4 percent of the total amount of feed
sold.
The fact that 47,245 tons of yellow-tag feed were sold in the state,
though a much smaller percentage amount than usual, indicates that `
many feeders still are in need of a practical knowledge of feeds and
how to select them on the basis of quality and economic productive-
ness. Successful farmers who raise livestock must understand the
value of the feeds they grow on their farms and should know how to
supplement their home-grown feeds with suitable material to make a
balanced ration. The Feed Control Department is endeavoring to
protect the feeder against adulteratcd and misbranded feeds and to
carry as much practical information as possible to him through the
guaranty tag, inspection service, correspondence, and publications.
Many manufacturers are rendering a. valuable educational service
to farmers, and in this they are to be commended. Unfortunately, ~
however, some are confusing the minds of feeders through extravagant
claims of salesmen and advertising. Because of this, they are doing
the feed industry, as well as the livestock industry, a great harm.
Feeders needing help on their feed programs should be encouraged
to depend primarily on the county agricultural agent, the Animal Hus-
bandry Department, and the Feed Control Department of the Ken-
tucky Agricultural Experiment Station.
REGISTRATION OF FEED
The feed law of Kentucky requires each and eve1·y manufacturer,
importer, jobber, agent, or seller to register each and every brand of
feed classed as concentrates, or feed materials that have been ground
and mixed or processed, with the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment
Station, and to label it with a state guaranty tax tag before selling,
offering or exposing it for sale. If the manufacturer does not register
it. then the law holds any agent or dealer down the line to the seller,
responsible for registering and labeling the feed before it is sold to
the farmer or offered for sale. lf the feed is not registered it may i11-
volve any one who is responsible for placing it on the market, and
especially the agent or seller who handles it last in the transaction.
The law stipulates in general principles what information is
required in registering feeds and what must be contained in the
guaranty tag. It also empowers the Director of the Experiment Sta-

 COMMERCIAL Farms, 1944 3
tion to adopt standards and to 1nake and enforce such rules and regu-
lations as he may deem necessary to carry into effect the true intent
and meaning of the act. The following information, which is the
guaranty to the state and to the purchaser, must be given in the regis- '
tration and printed on the state guaranty tax tag or label which must
be attached to each bag containing the feed. Before filling in the
registration form, the manufacturer or applicant should read and
study carefully the general standards, rules, and regulations which
are usually printed on the back of the registration form. If the ap- T
plicant needs further information, he should write the Feed Contral
Department of the Agricultural Experiment Station, at Lexington.
_ The following information must be on the guaranty tag:
Net weight of the contents of bag.
The brand name of the feed. 1
Name and address of the manufacturer or the person responsible for ~
putting the feed on the market,
· Minimum percentage of crude protein.
Minimum percentage of crude fat.
_ Maximum percentage of crude fiber.
Specific name of each ingredient used in making the feed.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
Chemical standards and regulations have been established by the
Feed Control Department. These standards and regulations are modified
when experimental evidence and conditions justify such changes'.
Min- Min- Max-
1. Chemical Standards: imum imum imum
. (a) Standard By-products: Protein Fat Fiber
Alfalfa Leaf Meal .................................... . ........... . ........... 18.00%
Alfalfa Meal .............................................. 13.00% 1.50% 32.00%
Barley, Ground ........................................ . ........... . ........... 6.00% ·
Buttermilk, Dried .................................... . ........... 5.00% ............
Corn, Chopped, Cracked (Screened). 8.00% 3.50% 3.00%
Corn, Chopped, Cracked, Ground ...... 9.00% 3.75% 2.50%
Corn Feed Meal ........................................ 8.00% 3.75% 4.00%
Cottonseed Meal, 41% Protein ............ 41.00% 5.00% 12.00%
Cottonseed Meal, 43% Protein ............ 43.00% 5.50% 10.00%
· Hominy Meal, Hominy Feed ................ 10.00% 7.00% 6.00%
Oats, Ground .............................................. 11.00% 4.50% 12.00%
Rye Middlings or Shorts ...................... 15.50% 3.50% 6.00%
Soybean Oil Meal, Expeller .................. 41.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Soybean Oil Meal, Solvent .................... 44.00% 0.50% 7.00%
» Wheat, Ground .................................... 12.00% 2.00% 3.00%
Wheat Bran .............................................. 14.50% 3.75% 10.00%
Wheat Brown Middlings or Shorts ...... 16.00% 4.00% 7.50%
Wheat Flour or White Middlings or A
Shorts .................................................. 16.00% 3.50% 3.50%

 4 KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Min- Min- Max-
1. Chemical Standards: irnum imum imum
(a) Standard By-products: Protein Fat Fiber
Wheat Gray Middlings or Shorts ......,. 16.00% 4.00% 6.00%
Wheat Low Grade Feed Flour ............ 13.00% 2.50% 1.50%
Wheat Mixed Feed .................................. 15.50% 4.00% 8.50%
Wheat Red Dog (Hard Wheat) .......... 16.00% 4.00% 4.00% i
Wheat Red Dog (Soft Wheat) .............. 14.50% 3.50% 3.50%
(b) Special-Purpose Mixed Feeds:
Dairy Feed ................................................ 16.00% 3.50% 15.00%
Hog Feed (Fattening) ........i................... 13.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Hog Feed (Growing .............................. 16.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Horse and Mule Feed .............................. 9.00% 2.50% 15.00%
Poultry:
All-Mash Broiler Ration ................ 15.00% 4.00% 6.00%
All-Mash Growing Ration ............ 15.00% 4.00% 6.00%
All-Mash Laying or Breeder
Ration ................... . ...................... 15.00% 4.00% 7.00%
All-Mash Poultry Ration .............. 15.00% 4.00% 6.00%
All-Mash Starting Ration .............. 15.00%. 4.00% 6.00%
All-Mash Starting and Growing
Ration .......................................... 15.00% 4.00% 6.00% ‘
Chick Grains .................................... 9.00% 2.50% 3.50%
Scratch Grains .................................. 9.00% 3.00% 5.00% `
Broiler Mash .................................... 17.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Fattening Mash ................................ 13.00% 4.00% 6.00%
Growing Mash .................................. 17.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Laying or Breeder Mash .............. 18.00% 3.50% 8.00%
_ Starting Mash .................................. 17.00% 3.50% 6,00%
Starting and Growing Mash .......... 17.00% 3.50% 7.00%
Turkey All-Mash Ration ................ 16.00% 4.00% 7.00%
Turkey Growing Mash .........._._....... 17.00% 3,50% 7.00%
Turkey Laying Mash ...................... 18.00% 3.50% 8.00%
Turkey Starting Mash .................... 18.00% 3.50% 6.00%
Turkey Starting and Growing
Mash ................................ - ............ 1 8.00% 3.50% 7.00%
2. General Requirements f0r Registration:
(a) In making registrations, care should be exercised to make the
chemical guaranties reasonably close to the actual content of
the feed. In other words, arbitrary guaranties will not be ac-
cepted as final.
(b) If a material change is made in the guaranty of a feed, in effect
lowering the value of the feed, the name of the feed must be
changed also.
(c) The percentage of protein must form part of the name in all V
high protein materials and special purpose feeds. Example:
41% Protein Cottonseed Meal, 60% Protein Tankage, 20% Pro-
tein Dairy Feed, 17% Protein Growing Mash.
(d) Oil-mill byproducts containing hulls, screenings and similar ma-
terials, thus materially lowering the percentage of crude protein,
cannot be called meals, but may be called meal and hulls, or
meal and screenings, or feed, or by some proprietary name.

 COMMERCIAL FEEDS, 1944 5
(e) Any feed containing less than 9% protein and above 15% iiber
must be called by the name of its ingredients.
(f) In naming feeds, the terms "feed" and "ration" should be dis- *
tinguished. A feed may or may not be a ration. A ration is a
complete feed and does not require other feed to be fed in addi-
tion to it.
Complex "protein-vitamin-mineral" mixture will not be ac-
cepted under proprietary names. All such mixtures must be
broken down into basic ingredients, vitamin carriers, minerals, "
condiments, etc.
3. Ingredients:
_ (a) Each basic ingredient listed must be present in 3% or more.
Basic ingredients include such as corn byproducts, wheat by=
products, oil mill byproducts, meat byproducts, Hsh meal, alfalfa
meal, alfalfa leaf meal, oats, distillers and brewers dried grains, ;
molasses, etc. ‘
(b) Vitamin carriers are materials added to feeds primarily to in- `
crease the vitamin content. Most basic ingredients contain some
4 of the vitamins; however, their primary purpose is to furnish
nutrients and not to increase the vitamin content of the feed;
therefore, they may not be listed as vitamin carriers. Vitamin
` carriers include such as dried milk products, wheat germ oil, ·
liver meal, dehydrated alfalfa leaf meal, dehydrated cereal
grasses, yeast, Hsh oils, distillers dried solubles, riboiiavin prod-
uct, pure vitamins or other supplements which are for the pur-
pose of increasing the vitamin content of a feed. The vitamin
carriers must be grouped as a unit and the total percentage
given. If a material has the properties of a basic material and a
vitamin carrier and is present in 3% or more, it must be listed
as basic.
(c) Minerals generally regarded as dietary factors essential for the
` normal nutrition of animals and not supplied adequately by the
average feed may be added to commercial feeds. These minerals ·
may be grouped together and the total percentage given, or they _
may be listed separately with the percentage of each ingredient
stated. The total percentage must not exceed 3%, except poul-
try laying and breeding mashes which may contain as much as
4% added minerals provided it does not contain more than 2% °
calcium carbonate. Bone meal is not included in the percentage
of other minerals but is listed separately with the percentage
_ stated. '
(d) Condiments and charcoal are not feed materials. However, they
are permitted when percentage amounts are given.
(e) Materials primarily medicinal or poisonous in nature are pro-
hibited as ingredients in feed.
T 4. Screenings:
(a) Percentage of screenings in wheat feeds and statement that they
are ground must be given. .
(b) When screenings are used in mixed or special-purpose feeds, the
percentage must be stated, and the minimum amounts of protein
and fat and the maximum amounts of fiber and ash for such

 6 Kimrucxy AoR1cULrURAL Exraniivrianr SrAr1oN
screenings must be stated in the registration. Samples of such
screenings may be required to be furnished on request by the
Department.
(c) If all or part of the immature, broken and light grains and other
seeds of commercial value have been removed from screenings,
the material must be called "screenings refuse" or "screenings
waste."
(d) Screenings must be ground fine enough to destroy the germina- ‘
tion of all weed seeds present.
5. Materials of Little or No Feeding Value:
(a) Percentage of material of little or no feeding value must be
stated.
(b) When organic materials of little or no feeding value as concen-
trates are used in mixed or special-purpose feeds, the open
formula must be given in the registration. The open formula
will not be printed on the tag unless there is a good reason why
it should. The Department reserves the right.
(c) In mixed feeds, the amount of a material or materials of little
or no feeding value as a concentrate, must not exceed 25% of
the mixture.
6. False Registration and Cancellation: n
Improper registration, adulteration or misbranding of a feed not
only renders the offender liable to prosecution, but the registration
may be canceled by the Department.
SYSTEM OF TAGGING
This Department groups feeds into three general classes:
"sti·aight" feeds, "straight mixed" feeds, and "yellow tag" feeds,
and labels them accordingly. The purpose of this system of labeling
is to mark conspicuously certain important differences in the character
· of feeds. It is designed to aid in the selection of feeds. 'l‘he tags are
issued according to a tl1ree—color scheme, as follows :
, A manila tag printed in black ink designates a feed made from
one grain or plant. This class of feeds is known as "straight" feeds.
Examples: wheat bran, hominy feed, cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal.
A manila tag printed in red ink designates a feed made from
the products or byproducts of two or more grains, or plants, or animal
byproducts. This class of feeds is known as "straigl1t mixed" feeds.
Eagunipless a mixture of wheat bran, hominy feed, and cottonseed
meal , a mixture of corn chop, crimped oats, wheat bran, and alfalfa
meal, or a mixture of yellow corn meal, wheat gray shorts, ground oats,
alfalfa leaf meal, soybean oil meal, meat scrap, dried buttermilk.
A yellow tag printed in black ink designates a feed containing
a material or materials of little or no nutritive value. Such are

 COMMERCIAL FEEDS, 1944 7
usually known as "yel1ow tag" feeds. Examples: feeds containing _
oat hulls, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, screenings and screenings refuse
or waste, or other similar materials containing an excessive percentage
of fiber.
"YELLOW TAG" FEED
A yellow tag attached to a bag of feed means that it contains T
some material of little or no feed value, known as a "filler." These
fillers vary widely in chemical and physical composition. They may
have some feed value, or may be worthless o1· even dangerous on ac-
' count of poisonous weed seeds and other foreign matter, such as dirt
and sand, they may contain. Often the feeder has on his place or he V
can get nearby at a nominal price, material as good and less dangerous '
to his stock than the filler he buys at a fancy price in a "yellow-tag"
feed.
l The undiscriminating or thc "yellow-tag" feed purchaser is the
one responsible for keeping the "yellow-tag" feed mixer in the filler-
` feed business. However, the manufacturer is not without blame. He
buys and mixes these cheap and uneconomical feed materials on price
also and in turn sells his concoction to the unsuspecting purchaser who r
likewise buys on price instead of quality, unaware of the uneconomical
results. The manufacturer of filler feeds is not only doing an in-
justice to the purchaser of these feeds, who can least afford to buy them
because of their low productiveness, but he is putting a mark of sus-
picion on the honesty and integrity of the industry in its efforts to
~ develop the livestock industry, an aim for which all manufacturers
should strive.
The records of the department show that most of the violations of “
the feed law are connected with "yellow-fag," or filler feeds. Fillers
are used very largely in 16-percent dairy feed. Examples: a sample
of an unregistered 16-percent dairy feed, laboratory sample 2954,
found on the Kentucky market, representing a ear of this feed, eon-
tained 65 percent filler which had approximately 817,000 unground
` weed seeds per 100 pounds of feed. Laboratory sample 2941 had ap-
proximately 708,000 nnground weed seeds per 100 pounds of the
feed. Laboratory sample 4006, had approximately 3,500,000 un-
ground weed seeds per 100 pounds of the feed. ln each ease, there
1 was a large variety of weed seeds, many being noxious.
This may be illustrated further as follows; The cost (wholesale
at Louisville) of 2 tons of dairy feed containing 24 percent protein,
4 percent fat, and 10 percent fiber is $136. This is $44 less than the
cost (on the same market) of 3 tons of "yellow tag" or "filler" dairy
feed containing 16 percent protein, 3.5 percent fat, and 15 percent

 8 Kianrucxy Aenxcurrrumt Exvmnmiznr STATION
fiber. The 2 tons of 24-percent—protein feed contain the same total
amount of protein as the 3 tons of yellow-tag feed, 50 pounds less fat,
and 500 pounds less fiber. The buyer thus gets very nearly as much
food nutrients in the 2 tons of 24-percent-protein feed as in the 3 tons
of yellow tag feed at a saving of $44 in wholesale price. He also gets .
i much better digestibility and quality in the 24-percent-protein feed.
He also saves the cost of freight, bags, tax, and handling of one ton of
feed. The results in feeding no doubt would give a further saving.
UREA AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN
Urea is a synthetic nitrogenous compound, white, crystalline,
water-soluble, odorless, and practically tasteless. Pure urea contains
slightly more than 46 percent nitrogen. However, the grade com-
monly used in feeds contains 42 percent nitrogen, or a protein equiva-
lent of 262 percent (obtained by multiplying 42, the percentage of
nitrogen, by 61/1, the factor used in converting nitrogen into protein).
Urea is a comparatively new product in the feed industry, making .
its appearance as a partial substitute for protein in feeds for rum-
_ inants, especially dairy cattle, during the war emergency. In experi-
mental work, by a number of leading experiment stations, in which
urea was used as a substitute for part of the protein in ruminants’
rations, the results proved satisfactory under certain conditions and
limitations. Experimental conditions varied somewhat and some
variation in the eiiiciency of utilization of urea occurred, but in each
instance it was found that the nitrogen supplied by the urea was
utilized by the animals.
Urea ea11 only be utilized in feeds by ruminants—cattle, sheep
and goats—tl1e best results being obtained with dairy cattle. It is not
effective in feeding swine, chickens, and horses. Ruminants can
utilize the nitrogen in urea and convert it into protein because of the
micro-organisms, particularly bacteria, in their stomachs, which
convert thc nitrogen in the urea into ammonia and the ammonia
-· into proteins which are assimilated by the animal.
The use of urea in feeds must be under strict limitations and
conditions. It should not constitute more than 3 percent of the feed
mixture and must be thoroughly distributed throughout the mixture.
If present in feeds in excessive amounts, it becomes toxic and the `
effects on stock will depend upon the degree of toxicity produced.
In Kentucky in 19-14, urea poisoning was known to occur in 6
herds of dairy cattle, because of excess amounts present in feeds. In
4 herds death of cows was quick and violent, in the other 2 all the cows
in the herds became sick and were thrown off of production, and one
cow eventually died as a result of the poisoning. Several other in-

 Coivnvmncxnr. Fnzvs, 1944 9
stances were called to our attention, in which it was thought by the I
owners that the feed had made cows sick and some had died. We did
not have sufficient information to determine the cause of the trouble at
the time, but in the light of late1· developments, it is now believed to
have been due to urea poisoning. A
The usual symptoms described by the owners are trembling, stif-
fcning of the body, bloating, spasms, convulsions.
The use of urea in feeds under the present condition is a serious
. question, and its continued use in Kentucky is contingent entirely
upon its control by the mixer.
MINERAL FEEDS
Certain mineral elements are essential to the normal growth and
‘ development of animals. On the other hand, there a1·e certain ele-
ments which are toxic to animals. Some of the toxic elements have
- cumulative eifect, and even when small amounts are taken into the
body over a long period of time produce chronic poisoning.
Animals and plants need smaller amounts of some minerals than
others. Such minerals are frequently listed as H]]llllO1' or trace"
elements. Their presence is just as important as the other elements
although the amounts required are not as great. Some of the minor
elements required by animals are cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, and
manganese, and possibly others. Most natural feeds contain adequate
‘ amounts of these minerals; however, it is sometimes necessary to sup-
plement the ration with them. Frequently commercial feed manu-
facturers add them to insure their presence, especially since thc addi- I`
tional cost is almost negligible.
The most common mineral deficiencies in feeds are not the minor
elements but are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and chlorine. These
may be included in the feed or fed separately as supplements. \Vlu·u
_ minerals are fed as supplements, it is important to keep them before
the stock, at all times, in convenient places protected against the
weather, so that their consumption will be uniform and adequate.
Purgatives, worm remedies, medicines, poisons, and tonies have no
, place in stock feeds and supplemental mine1·al feeds. Their use in
such feeds is prohibited in Kentucky.
A list of materials generally included in mineral mixtures, in-
cluding their chemical or technical names and properties, is given in
the table below.

 10 Kmnrucxy Aosicumunar, Exesaiivisnr STATION
TABLE 1.—].V[INERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS USUALLY INCLUDED IN MINERAL
Mxxrumzs
 
Common name Chemical composition or Properties
technical name
. \
Aniseed Seed of the anise Aromatic, carminative
Areea nut Same Anthelmintic
Ashes; hardwood Same. Calcium carbonate and Antacid, calcium nutrient
ashes oxide, and potassium
carbonate
Bone ash Same. Tricalcium phosphate Calcium and phosphorus
` nutrient
Bone meal steamed Same, Tricalcium phosphate Calcium and phosphorus
and nitrogenous organic nutrient
matter
Bone black; animal Same. Tricalcium phosphate Absorbent
charcoal and carbon
·Blood root Sanguinaria irritating, emetio
Blue vitriol; (Topper sulfate Irritant, emetic, poison
blucstone
Calcito Calcium carbonate Antacid, calcium nutrient
(`apsicum;red pepper Dried fruit of capsicum Aromatic, stomaehic
Calcium carbonate Same Antacid, calcium nutrient ·
Cane molasses Pane syrup Sweetening agent, nutrient
Caraway seed Same Aromatic
(Tascara Same Cathartic
Charcoal; wood or Same Absorbent _
animal
(‘bile saltpefer Sodium nitrate Diuretic, poison
Cobalt sulfate Same Cobalt nutrient
tjopperas; iron Ferrous sulfate Tonic, astringent
sulfate
Copper sulfate Cupric sulfate Irritant, astringent, emetio.
poison
Dextrose Refined corn sugar Sweetening agent, nutrient
Epsom salt Magnesium sulfate Cathartic, laxative
(crystallized)
Fennel Fennell seed Aromatic
Fenugreek seed Same Aromatic
Gentian Yellow gentian root Bitter tonic
Ginger Same Stimulant. aromatic
Glauber’s salt Sodium sulfate (crystallized) Cathartic, laxative
Glucose Corn syrup Sweetening agent, nutrient
Gypsum jllyrlrous calcium sulfate inert
iron oxide Ferric oxide \Veak tonic
Iodized salt Salt and potassium iodide Iodine, chlorine and sodium
nutrients
Kelp Scawced Contains iodine, calcium
{licorice Licorice root Adjuvant, corrective
Limestone (`alcium carbonate Antacid. calcium nutrient
Linscerl oil meal Flaxsecd meal Nutrient, laxative
Locust bean: (`arob bean Nutrient
St. .lohn's bread
Manganese carbonate Same Manganese nutrient
Manganese sulfate Same Manganese nutrient
Magnesium oxide Same Antacid, laxative, nutrient
Magnesium Same Antacid, laxative, nutrient
carbonate
Mandrake Same Purgative
Milk sugar Lactose Nutrient
Mineral oil ileavy paraffin oil Laxative. emollient
Mustard bran Same Condiment, stimulant,
emetic
Nickel chloride Same Nickel nutrient
Nux vomica Same Tonic. poison
Oyster shell Same. ("alcium carbonate Antacid, calcium nutrient
I‘arafi`in wax Same inert
l‘ennyroyal llcdeoma pulegioides Gentle aromatic
Petrolatnm Pctrolcuin jelly Emollient
Phcnothiazine Same Anthelmintic, poison
Phospliatie limestone Calcium carbonate, triealcium Antacirl, calcium and phos-
phospliate and calcium phorus nutrients, poison
fluoride
l‘··k¤-root Same Emetic. purgative, narcotic
Potassium iodide Same Alterative. iodine nutrient
Quassia Quassia chips Bitter tonic

 COMMERCIAL FEEDS, 1944 11
Common name Chemical composition or Properties
technical name ·
Rock phosphate Tricacium phosphate, calcium Calcium and phosphorus
carbonate and calcium nutrients, poison
fluoride
Rock phosphate Tricalcium phosphate, calcium Calcium and phosphorus
(colloidal) carbonate, and calcium nutrients, poison
fluoride _
Salt Sodium chloride Sodium and chlorine
nutrients. condiinent,
· preservative
Sulfur Same Alterative, laxative
Sodium bicarbonate Same Antacid
Superphosphate Same Calcium and phosphorus
nutrients
Saltpeter Potassium nitrate Diuretic, diaphoretic, poison
‘ Sodium thiosulfate Same, Hypo Antipruritic
Strychnirie Same Poison, tonic
Tankage Same Nutrient
Tobacco Same Insecticide, sedative, _
anthelmintic, posion ·
\Vorm seed Same Anthelmintic
Wormwood Absinthiuin Tonic, anthehnintic
- TABLE 2.—ESTIMATED TONNAGE or Co1vIMEacIAr, FEEDS SOLD IN KENTUCKY
IN 1944
i Straight byproducts: Tons .
Alfalfa ‘meal ...,r.......................,.....,........._............................................... 150
Barley, ground i.,..i....................,,.,..,.____._._.,___,..,.,_____.___r,,_,........._........... 375
_ Bone meal ........i............_......._.,.....,..,....._,...D.,.....,..................,............,.... 50
Brewers dried grains ..._.....,......r................,.._......,..,..................,..,..... 800
Corn byproduct feed ..__.......,,r.,,._.,,..._.._,._.____.._....,....,..i......,.............,.. 1,450
Cottonseed meal ............,,...,.,,__....____________,___,,___...__,_____._,.i,.._.....,......i... 11,380
Cracked corn ......,.....,,...,._,.,,._____,,____________,_4_,___,_______,,___,___,____..,__...___...r. 7,660
Crushed ear corn .................................i,..,.,,,.,......_._._i__................_...,.,. 275
Distillers dried grains .._,.....______,___,,___,_____..___,_,______,_____,,,_,,.,.,.____...__.... 4,160
— Hominy feed i....................... . ........,.......,._,.....,,,...__.,____,_..,,.,.,...........r,.... 12,880
Linseed oil meal ...............,.i.._.._._...___,..,....__......,...__.__.___.__.._.__,.,..._.._...... 200
Meat scraps .............................,................_.,..,.,.,......._.._____... 1 ,...,...,......__.. 2,275
Meat and bone scraps ........_........_......_._,..,_..,.....______....._____,_,__,_,__.,______._ 425
Miscellaneous wheat feeds ..............,__._.,_,_.__,_,_,___________,__,,___,,,,___________ 8,550
Mixed feed (wheat feed and small amount of corn bran) ...... 24,525
Oats, ground ...........................,._..__.,,_,___,__,______,,_,_,_____________,_________,___,_____, 175
Peanut oil meal ............,,,..,,__,_,___,_______,_,,______,_______________________________,___,____ 515
Soybean oil meal ..r......_.....,..,_..___,,,,__,,,..______,____,___,______,________________,__,_____ 31,240
Tankage ...........,...........,.........,.,..,._.___________l_,_____,_________________________,,___________ 2,175
’ Wheat bran ............................._..._.____________,_____,___________________________,_,__________ 11,040
Wheat brown middlings o1· shorts __,____,____,_______,____________________,,___,_____ 18,425
Wheat gray middlings or shorts .,._,,,_,.____,_____________,___________,____,_____,__ 26,040
Wheat, ground .....................,..........,....»,,,,..r»....i..,.i...i.,..._,,..,..i,c.....,...... 35,135
Wheat mixed feed .............,_.._.________,____i_________________,___,___ _ _,___,______ _ ______,_ 19,145
· Wheat red dog flour .........,.._._,,____,__,,,___,____________,____,_______,,__r_____,__,_____,__ 1,575
Special purpose feeds:
Calf meal .....................................,,.....,.......,............,..i.......c.......,....,.... 1,705
Dairy feed:
16% Dairy ......»..».»»...»....i...»....,....,..i,i..,»...,..ic_,._..,,,._,,,, 81,250
20% Dairy ...,...................1.....1.1...,ii.,,,.c..,...1,.,,1_,.1_,.,,,,_ 24,300

 12 Kmnrucxy AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
24% Dairy ..............................................~A`............»........ 40,725 ·
Supplement AA... . .....................,...,.................,................ 5,050
151,325
Dog feed, dry .................,..........,.......,,.......................AA.......A................. 2,105
Goat feed .............,1...,...................,,.................................,.................... 237
Hog feed: ‘
Fattening and growing ..................,........................... 27,280
Supplement ..l........,................,,.,.................................. 12,725 ,
40,005
Horse and mule feed ................,..........l..................l.......l............,...... 17,650
Pigeon feed ..........._l................._.,................,....................................,.l. 300 _
Poultry grains:
Chick .............,.............,..................l...l........................... 6,625
_ Sc1·atch .........., . ..l...,..,..............,..................,.................... 56,915
63,540
Poultry mash:
All-mash growing ration ...,...................,..,............... 3,700
All-mash laying ration ...,,.............,........,................._ 2,205
All—mash poultry ,,....l....,.,...._. . .,..,...,_l____...____l_,,,,_.,,l,. 7,830
All-mash starting ............,.._.___...___._.....,,_,._,___,,_,_....._ 1,600
All-mash starting and growing _,,,..l__,,.,,.._,__.,__,,,___ 4,755
Fattening mash ....__...,,,.,_______________,_,,__________________,______ 3,100
Growing and broiler ......,.............,.,__,..__..,,,_...._.,___..,_ 16,635
Laying mash . ..........,.....,.,,___..,_,_,______,________,______________l__ 64,750
Starting mash ._,........___,_,__________________,_____________,___________, 7,885 _
Starting and growing mash ._,_....,,_____,._._,,_______________, 10,770
Supplement mash ..._..,________________________,________________________ 2,700
» Turkey growing mash ,_____________________________________________