xt7rjd4pmp48 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7rjd4pmp48/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1963 journals 125 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.125 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.125 1963 2014 true xt7rjd4pmp48 section xt7rjd4pmp48 _   KKSII/{S 0I II1e
    HYBRID CORN
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I` UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
Jcmuczry I963 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
I LEXINGTON

 TESTING LOCATIONS OF Q ‘
THE KENTUCKY HYBRID conn PERFORMANCE TEST l
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Area Location Cooperator
Western l. Wickliffe James Wilson *
2. Owensboro Beverly Gregory
3. Hopkinsville Graham Duncan
Eastern 4. Lexington Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta.
5. Quicksand Robinson Agr. Exp.
Substation, Charles ,
M. Derrickson
Acknowledgment is made to the University of Kentucky
Computing Center for assistance in summarizing the r
results reported in this progress report.

 RESULTS OF THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN
_ PERFORMANCE TEST IN 1962
W. K. Martin and F. A. Loeffel
The objective of the Kentucky Hybrid Corn
Performance Test is to provide an unbiased estimate
3 of the relative performance of corn hybrids being
sold in Kentucky. This information may then be used
by farmers, seedsme¤,and research and extension V
personnel in determining which hybrid most nearly
possesses the characteristics which are desired or
required for a specific situation. The need for
the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment
— Station to obtain this information is indicated by
the continuing shift to hybrids by the farmers of
Kentucky. Over 97 percent of the Kentucky corn
V acreage was planted to hybrids in 1962.
l Corn was planted about 10 days earlier than
; normal and made excellent progress under extremely
favorable growing conditions of late April through
early July. Lack of moisture in certain areas of
western Kentucky during the latter part of July and
continuing through August reduced the yields greatly.
In spite of this, Kentucky established a new pro-
; duction record for the second consecutive year. A
record 58 bushels per acre was produced in l962»
exceeding the previous record of 55 bushels per acre
I established in 1961.
The estimated corn production for Kentucky in
; 1962 is 64.7 million bushels. This is an increase l
of 3.3 million bushels,or a 5 percent increase»over
the 1961 production. The 1962 production is 7 percent
below the lO—year production level. The acreage
harvested for grain totaled 1.1 million acres, the
same as in 1961 but 37 percent below the lO·year
- average.
(3)

 Unseasonably warm weather during the last week ‘
in April and early May greatly facilitated seedbed .
preparation and planting in most parts of Kentucky. _
Seven percent of the state's corn acreage was planted ‘
by May l. This was well ahead of the previous year
when only 3 percent was planted by May 9. By May 15
50 percent of the corn was planted compared with 5
percent in 1961 and 60 percent in l959. Some counties
in western and southern Kentucky had three-fourths or
more of their acreage planted by this date. About 90
percent of the corn was planted by June 5, the largest
on record for this date and 3 weeks earlier than the
l96l crop.
The growth rate of early planted corn was very
rapid due to high temperatures and favorable moisture
during the early part of the season. Lack of moisture
in western Kentucky during late July and August caused
some damage. This injury was minimized however due
to the advanced stage of development of much of the
corn crop. The value of early planting was clearly
demonstrated. Approximately two-thirds of the corn •
was harvested by November 1.
Prior to 1960, disease ratings for Northern and
Southern corn leaf blights were taken on each of the
experiments when natural infection created a measurable
differential. This procedure was not entirely satis- ~
factory since meaningful ratings on disease were
possible only on a few of the experiments in which
the disease was severe.
Since 1960, ratings for these diseases were
taken only at Lexington in a special planting which ·
had been artifically inoculated with the disease.
Severe disease epidemics have been present each
year to assure effective evaluation of the hybrids
being tested.
(4) V

 The average yield for all hybrids grown at 5
locations in l962 was lO3.6 bushels. The highest
test average was lQO.7 bushels grown at Quicksand.
The lowest test average was 79.6 bushels for the
Owensboro test.
EXPERIM NTAL METHODS
The performance test was conducted at five
locations which represent corn-producing areas
typical of the state. These locations together
with the name of the cooperator are listed on the
inside of the front cover. These testing sites
were grouped by geographical location into a
western and eastern area for convenience in present-
ing the results. Yields from Wickliffe, Owensboro,
and Hopkinsville were averaged for the western area.
Similarly the yields from Lexington and Quicksand
_" were averaged for the eastern Kentucky area.
Sixty—four hybrids which are available to the
farmers of Kentucky through commercial trade channels
were compared. These hybrids, developed by state
and federal research agencies and by private seed
companies, are listed in Table l. Information
concerning the seed source of the hybrid, the kernel
color and the type of cross are presented. The
type of hybrid is designated as follows: double
cross, QX; three-way crosses, 3X; and a single cross
as 2X. Seed of a single cross hybrid sells at a
premium due to increased costs of producing seed.
The following material was evaluated in 1962; 58
double crosses, 2 three-way crosses and A single
crosses.
_ The pedigrees of hybrids developed by state
and federal agencies are listed in Table 2. Agronomic
information pertaining to the testing locations is
' (5)

 presented in Table 3. Results of the Kentucky N
Hybrid Corn Performance Test are summarized for 4
periods of 3 years, 2 years and l year and are
presented in Tables Q-6 respectively. The hybrids
are grouped in the tables on the basis of kernel .
color. Within groups the hybrids are listed in
order of increasing moisture content. The reactions
of the hybrids to Northern and Southern leaf blight
are summarized in Table 7. The hybrids in Table 7
are listed in alphabetical order.
Field Design.
Each hybrid was planted in Q plots at each of
the 5 locations with individual plots being 2 hills A
wide and 5 hills long. These plots were located in
different parts of the testing field to minimize
cultural and soil differences. All tests were
planted at the rate of 6 kernels per hill and the
resulting plants thinned to Q per hill, except at
Owensboro where they were thinned to 3 per hill.
Yield.
The corn from each plot was harvested and
weighed individually. The yield of the hybrids
was determined and is reported on the basis of
bushels of shelled corn per acre with a moisture
content of l5.5 percent. Adjustments were made
for missing hills but not for other variation in
stand. Therefore, the yields at each location
reported in this progress report constitute an
average yield of the Q plots after all adjustments
were made.
Moisture.
The moisture content at harvest is the best
measure of relative maturity of hybrids which is
available. A hybrid may be considered to be ear-
lier than a second hybrid if its moisture content
at harvest is consistently lower. Maturity thus
determined is not absolute but is relative to the
hybrids being compared.
(6)

 Two moisture samples were taken for each
hybrid by taking two samples from replication l
and 2, and from replication 3 and Q. The moisture
content in the grain was determined at harvest by Q
removing 2 rows of kernels from each of lO ears
selected at random from each of two replications.
The grain from the 20 ears was thoroughly mixed
and the moisture content of a lOO-gram sample was p
determined with a Steinlite moisture meter.
Erect Plants.
The percent erect plants is considered to be
an estimate of the resistance of a hybrid to the
total insect and disease complex affecting standing
ability. This value is obtained by counting plants
`with stalks broken between the ear—bearing node and
ground level and those which lean from the base at
an angle of more than 30 degrees from the vertical.
This sum is subtracted from the plants present and
the difference divided by the total plants present
to give the percent erect plants.
Ear Height.
Ear height, distance from the base of the
plant to the point of attachment of the upper ear,
was measured visually using a scale with one-foot
intervals. Visual ratings were taken on four plots
of each hybrid at each location.
Disease.
Visual ratings of hybrid reaction to Northern
and Southern corn leaf blight disease were taken on
an artifically inoculated planting of the hybrids
at Lexington. Each hybrid was planted in a l x 5
` hill plot replicated three times. A five class
rating scalewasused: excellent, very good, good,
fair and poor.
(7)

 INTERPRETATION
The performance of hybrids varies with weather ‘
conditions which change from season to season and
from testing location to testing location in the A
same season. Since the weather conditions cannot
be predicted at the time of planting, a farmer should
plant a hybrid which has a good performance in an
"average" season. The best estimate of hybrid per-
formance for an "average" season is obtained by
combining the results obtained from a large number
of experiments grown in different years at a number
of locations.
The information presented in Table 4 is the
average of 16 individual experiments in 1960, 1961,
and 1962. In Table 5 are summarized the results
obtained from 10 experiments in 1961 and 1962.
Table 6 contains information obtained from five
experiments in 1962 at different locations in the
state. For this reason, the information contained
in Table 4 is the best estimate available for
comparing the performance of corn hybrids for
average growing conditions in Kentucky.
MAKE YOUR CHOICE BASED ON YOUR OWN NEEDS
Improvements in corn hybrids are constantly
being made. An efficient corn producer will want
to keep informed on these improvements and to
determine if they will produce well OH his f&fm· F0?
this reason, it is suggested that new hybrids be
grown frequently on a trial basis in comparison
with the hybrid or hybrids presently grown. A
farmer often changes his entire corn acreage to a
different hybrid. He then compares his old hybrid
grown the previous year with the new hybrid grown
the current year. Since the two hybrids were grown
under different weather conditions, this comparison
is not valid and often leads to incorrect decisions.
(8)

 Hybrids being compared should be grown in the same
field.using identical management practices. A
good way to do this is to plant one-half bushel or
one bushel of seed of the new hybrid in the center _
of a field being sure to mark it at planting time.
It is important to observe the hybrids frequently
during the growing season. At harvest, yield should
be determined and other observational notes recorded.
Consult your county agent for procedure. If this
suggestion is followed, a corn grower will be able
to select hybrids which more nearly fit his production
practices and personal preferences.
Strip tests can also be used by individual
farmers to determine the value of other factors
contributing to production efficiency, such as
fertilizer and number of plants per acre. It is
important for a farmer to have an unfertilized check
strip and a strip receiving twice the quantity of
fertilizer that the remainder of the field received.
This enables him to determine if his investment in
fertilizer was profitable and whether he used too
little or too much fertilizer. The number of corn
plants per acre in Kentucky is generally too low
for top production. It would be well worth the
time and effort to change the setting on the drill
and compare yields at different rates of planting.
It should be kept in mind, however, that plant
population and fertility level must be kept in
balance for efficient production. Consideration
should also be given t0 the use of chemical weed
killers, soil insecticides and some method of minimum
tillage for preparation of land.
DO YOUR PART TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARD
A 65—BUSHEL AVERAGE CORN YIELD IN
KENTUCKY IN l963
(9)

 Table 1. Hybrids tested in 1962.
 
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
 
AES 805 Y AX Agricultural Experiment
AES 809 Y AX Station (North Central)
Crib Filler 66 Y 2x Mitchell Farms I
116 Y AX Windfall, Indiana
123 Y AX
13A Y AX _
l83W W ax
Dekalb 633 Y ax Dekalb Agricultural
803 Y 3X Association, Dekalb,
805 Y 2X Illinois
925 W AX
925A W ax
1003 Y Ax
1006 Y AX
Dixie's ll0Y Y AX Dixie Stock Farm
Sonora, Kentucky
Hagan H-2 W AX R. M. Hagan, Route A
H-9 Y Ax Owensboro, Kentucky
Hilligoss 8A Y Ax Shamrock Seed Farms
McCordsvil1e, Indiana
Kamp 913BRK W Ax Kamp's Farm Seed, Route 2,
Evansville, Indiana
Ken-Bred E—20Y Y AX George Patmor, Marion;
E-2OYA Y AX Clyde Jackson, Danville;
M-20w W AX Louisville Seed Co., Louisville,
Ky. - Distributors
Ky 105 Y AX University of Kentucky
20A W ax Agricultural Experiment
5708R Y ax Station, Lexington
590lW W AX
5902W W AX
5905W W ax
5921w W AX
592A Y Ax
Meacham M-5 W AX Meacham's Koreandale
M-33YB Y AX Farm, Morganfield, Ky.
(10) ,

 y Table l. Continued.
 
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
 
P.A.G. A3A Y ax Pfister Associated Growers,
A36 Y 3X Inc., Aurora, Illinois '
633W W ax and Huntsville, Alabama
SXl9 Y 2X
Pioneer 309A Y ax Pioneer Corn Company
3l2A Y ax Tipton, Indiana
3A5A Y ax ‘
509w W ax
` 3166 Y ax
Princeton 8-A Y ax Princeton Farms
8AO-A Y ax Princeton, Indiana
890-A Y AX
990 W ax
990-A W ax
Schenk S-86 Y ax Charles H. Schenk
S-99AW W ax and Son, Inc. Route A
Vincennes, Indiana
- · Southern States
Dl1l5 Y ax Southern States Coop.,
Catawba Y ax Inc. Division of Seed
" Cherokee Y AX and Farm Supply, Richmond
Matoaka Y ax 20, Virginia
Munsee Y ax
Pocahontas Y ax
Stull lOOY Y ax Stull Brothers, Inc.
IOOYA Y ax Sebree, Kentucky
lOlY Y ax
101YA Y Ax
lO7Y Y 2X
lO8Y Y AX
AOOWC W ax
500w w ax
US l3 Y ax Experiment Station
US 523W W ax (U.S.D.A.)
(11)

 Table 2. Pedigrees of Experiment Station and _
U.S. hybrids tested in 1962.
Hybrid Pedigree
-‘
AES 805 (WF9 x 38-11)(C103 x Oh 45)
AES 809 (WF9 x P8)(Oh 43 x C103) 1
Ky 105 (T8 x CI21E)(38-11 x Oh 7B)
Ky 204 (K64 x 33-16)(K55 x Ky 201)
Ky 5708R (H49 x CI38B)(CI21E x C103)
Ky 5901W (Ky 211 tms x 33-16)(K55 x CI64)
Ky 5902W (Ky 211 tms x 33-16)(K55 x K64)
Ky 5905W (K55 x CI64)(Ky 201 x CI49B)
Ky 5921W (CI64 x 33-16)(CI66 x Ky 201)
Ky 5924 (H49 x CI38B)(Ky 36-11 x C103) _
US 13 (WF9 x 38-11)(Hy x L317)
US 523W (K55 x K64)(Ky 27 x Ky 49)
(12)

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