xt7sn00zsf1t https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7sn00zsf1t/data/mets.xml University of North Carolina, North Carolina Historical Records Survey of North Carolina 1940 Prepared by the North Carolina Historical Records Survey Project, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration; Sponsored by the North Carolina Historical Commission, M.C.S. Noble, Chairman, C.C. Crittenden, Secretary; Other contributors include: University of North Carolina (1793-1962) Library Southern Historical Collection, United States Work Projects Administration Division of Professional and Service Projects; iiv, 48 pages, 27 cm; Reproduced from type-written copy; Includes bibliography; UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries; Call number FW 4.14:N 81c/2 books English Raleigh, North Carolina: The North Carolina Historical Records Survey Project This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. North Carolina Works Progress Administration Publications A Calendar of the Bartlett Yancey Papers in the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina text A Calendar of the Bartlett Yancey Papers in the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina 1940 1940 2015 true xt7sn00zsf1t section xt7sn00zsf1t     I I I _ _`   UNIVERSITY   KENTUCKY
I   I LI Q ' `   I I
    I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
* Y M I   I 3 UI-IE5 LI'-I“I"I5?"I I
I I 2 r_________w___________________
p I I I `I
  3 [I. I ',’
I I CELLLEIIDAPL ` I _
I `ii OF THE I
I IJART LETT YAII C E Y PAPER S ` `
I   I IN TEE
  S OUTHEIG! HIST Oli IC1.I.. C OLLECT I ON
I OF TIC]; I
I UI? I`fJEi.> I I Y OE   OIETX C;..]O LIIEA `
I ‘ I
I   H01·I;I1 Ce.1*elj.ne. ijfi:·:*be1*i·: al
` Records Survey Ifejecziz
I Divir;j.01’1 0i` Pi*0‘Z’es:ai011e~l
I sm cI _
i I " Service Projects
I I `I'f01·l—; Px·ejee‘¥;u J.dmxiy1i·;  erbien
5   · I I Raleigh, IT. C.
i   I l9—’LO
    4 :
    (iO\!EFINMEI\5T PUBLICATIONS
I   _ " ,, M
i I . IIzI;IIrI5IIsI"I"I· OF I   I
    I
  P, 
;s·f+`¤»}*=.?¢¤»’·  W
·?T!;&°f?S`Tef;{?3 J
   
    Sponsored by
   
  L . -. L . . .
  The Nor uh Caroline his Coriocxl Comraissiozi
  H. C. S. Noble, Chairman
*=T..3·Z*€   LI  . _
  C. C. Crittenden, Secretary .
  y  I
   
   fd
   e3{· L
    . L . .
“~·;¢+¢:¢¢§·  
  ri  · ‘
"*‘—***‘E*@|·}"  · ~ ·· »·-h ·· 1 *
re   Ly  Raloigu, more Caro ma
      The Norilh Carolina Historical Records Survey Project
    ‘  1940
:“*¤¢—·§’. i 
  , ‘ l%§`·:I *2 V
wgcv %}j’4»{}{l [_ g .
  l 
vv:     `  `
   
YC;  kia xi?
  » fl
 Q  L»Lr z 
 A N'? ` . 
   .__‘ : 
  L·»~‘ {

   1
5;;: . 
lj,  
*i
_ · NPA Historical Records Survey Program  
H
Luther H. Evans, Director {
J Den Lacy, Regional and State oupervisor  
‘ Colbert F. Crutchfield, Assistant State Supervisor ii
n >i
7  
. z=
` ¤ ,r)~
V . ` .
* . K]
  Division of Profession end Service Projects  
  -
l %
  °1 Tf . . ‘ - *· .. ' .'  
3 nlorcnce nerr, Aseistent c,om.;1is:_:ioner .  
A Blanche Ei. Ralston, Chief Regional Supervieor ij
Q Ma r E`. Cam bell State Director <
a ’ — n ..
El g .
Ys ‘L
`J .  ..
ji J; 
   i
fj WOR}; MLOJEUTS 1LD1.IE·? Iii‘i‘RJ;‘.PION ;  .
·y -1-—-• -•-•-.-.·-_;   · * ,
at `* `
Q1 g 
fi .
3} _ 5 
Q! F. C, riarrington, Coxmissioner  
  Iielcolm J. Miller, Regional Director  
F; C. C. McGinnis, State Administrator _  
J  4
  ·- 5
  .  y
i! V  ;
$4 · ” 
_1 " 
.! N4;
l 1
x si
  i
, i l
  ·@
fl T
J1  
 A  ·i
e 1 o 
1.-   J;

 Ii
a
 
fi ` rasrlcs = ‘
j The Historical Records Survey was created in the winter of 1955-56
Q as a nation-wide Works Progress Administration project for the “discov—
Q ery, preservation and listing of basic materials for research in the
{ history of the United States,"l Under the direction of Dr. Luther H.
f Evans, the Survey undertook an extensive program for the inventory of
j state and local archives, early`American imprints, church archives, and
Q collections of manuscripts. Pursuant to the provisions of the Emergency
ly Relief Act passed June 50, 1959, the existence of‘tho Survey as a single
L nation-wide project`sponsered_by¤WPA_itself was terminated August 51,
Q 1959; and the work of the Survey was continued in the individual states
[ by locally sponsored projects operating within the national WPA Histori~
t cal Records Survey Program which continued under the direction of Dr.
  . E`V`?.IlS• _ 4 .
Q The North Carolina project of‘the national Historical Records Sur~
§ voy_was established February 1, 1956, with Dr. C. C. Crittenden, Secretary
i of the North Carolina Historical Commission, as director. Until November
g 1956 the Survey operated as an autonomous unit of the Federal Writers*
§ Project, directed in North Carolina by Edwin Bjorkman, Dr. Crittenden re-
_ Q sighed as State Director June 50, 1957, and was succeeded by Dan Lacy,
i who had previously served as Assistant State Director. The·work of the
% North Carolina unit of the Historical Records Survey has been continued
{ by the North Carolina Historical Records Survey, established September l,
g 1959, and sponsored by the North Carolina Historical Com ission.
§. __ Although the Historical Records Survey program has dealt to date _
‘y chiefly with public archives and especially with county records, it has
yl had as an important objective the facilitation of research in the manu~
T script sources of American history through the preparation of a national
‘ r @.%:12 ia   zi y&·—2.¤.S..<=¤¤22i¤. Q2.l}.<22ii2aa Orcmzcd bv S*¤J¤¤S» Of
A guides to manuscript collections,'and of calendars of selected co11ec—
”, tions of especial nnportance. The present publication is intended as a
_A part of that program, ` ‘ '
= The Bartlett Yancey papers here calendared originally belonged to
it the North Carolina Historical Society, which ceased functioning after
_ the death in 1868 of David L. Swain, president of the University of North
Q_ Carolina and of the society, The papers of the Historical Society not
·§ destroyed or lost formed the nucleus arou d which the present Southern
R E Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina was built, and
§ the Yancey papers became a part of that collection.
ji The Yancey papers, like the other collections in the Southern His—
`j l• Works Progress Administration, Operating Procedure No. Nh2, Revised
  any 2, 1957.

 ff T
5; ' I
uv? ` 
Q3 torical Collection, are available for use by serious students, They are g
Kg arranged chronologically in folders and kept in a steel filing case, in lf BSFPZ
gf an air-conditioned vault; they are in good condition, both the inlc and   b<>Y`f1 <
  the paper bemg well preserved. _ The call numberfor the Yancey_collec··· I Y   6*- H°
 `I tion ·is S-J2-QA. ` l I _ _ I l » _  {V {Bm? il
`·l¤ _ A ‘ s ate s<
  For.ty-four of‘· the ninety-three letters inthe collection have been I , OTSNZ
V published. Most of the letters fromllathaniel Macon to. Yancey were print-· I  HGXP I
PEZ; ed in Kemp P. Battle, ed_.,·. "The Congressional Carecrfef Nat1eLani.el,l,{acon,". »  ·~·  CSW
James Sprunt Historical'°Monographs, no, 2“(190o),‘ Certain other letterlsl;  , ·ti0C·
  were in-eluded in J. IJ:;~de Roulhac Hamilton, ed., "Lettors to Bartlett  Q- Ni"~Y1G]
Fi Yancey,Y James _Sprunt_ lli_storicgl_ _Pt_Q>licatipp;j_, X, no. 2 (191],,), pp. 25-76., _   _
· Two of the lettersrfrom Thomas Ruffin were printed in_J. G, de Roulhac     F]-VC
` Hamilton, ed.,-·T1*_Le_‘Papcrs _e_f;_dTh_op}_a_s Ruffin, I,.270, 1520-El. In ·the._cntry_ y  @l‘?’Cl?f
  for eachpublishedletter appropriate bibliographical data are given. , 4 _ l lCh»_h?
4 ga  OI"‘f1C(
· ` There is some dif‘f`erence of opinion concerning the spelling. of Yancey¥s T  »mi`-H <
I name.-··Ne0.rly all secondary works u_se the "e_y" spelling, and the county ·    "
Q and town in the state named for him have the some spelling. Hist corrou Y W  Ths I
spondents who knew him best were mot consistent, and Yanc_ey¥s own usage _ _ ‘_ . F€d€I"
I seems to have varied. Dr. A. R. Newsome has concluded from a study of the .d  I"} Em
l manuscript laws signed ·by Yancey as Speaker of thclierth Carolina Senate _  A{1*‘·mS=
that he, usually spelled his name, at l*east_ in later life, as "Yanoy."2 In .   tj-EC:
— the calendar, however, ·it has been thought best to follow the more general { LV hm
' usage and employ the spelling "'Ysnecy." l ‘ . l   » ,. l V ° “J“°]`“"
  _y - 'H L Y I ;“ T   p _ _, __ _ _  ¤neta]
I The calendaring and research on the Yancey papers was done by Miss yl 
Elizabeth Boring of the Historical Records_Suryey under the editorial     Alichc
1 supervision of Branson Marley, Assistant Project Supervisor- of the Survey; °il  HN
— the introduction and index are the work of LIr.”Marley.. The workhas pro··   wm-JM
1 fited through the editorial criticism of Dr.· A. R. Newsome, head of the I  ° Oftcn
W department of history of the University of North Carolina, of lirs. Viola _ 1¤=mS·_
} S. Burch, _Assistant Project Sup.erviso.r..o£ ·l}]lO···I‘IC}-I*'b}'l Carolina Historical " a V",  CY °·"-C
l Recerds.·Survoy, and especially of Eirs. Liar;-jaret S. Eliot, of the Washington l   _ _
_ office of the Survey, AcP;novrledgn1ent‘mL1st be made of the generous co- _ T  Dum?
  operation of Dr. J. G, do Roulhac Hamilton, Director of the Southern y ·"m“P_
I Historical Collection and of Mrs, Lyman A. Cotton, its curator. . The calcn·· “  "icd `Y
  dar is published with the approval of the Librarian of `Cnongress. _·   F°’dTTf
I . . ~ no LF
  . V .`    , l ain,
  I A DAN LACY, State superv_1s¤r‘_ . . J l ;
l " ` "North Carolina Historical Records Survey 
4 V · T ,
1 Raleigh, North Carolina · I 5 
‘ g February l, 194:0 ·   1· GC
A __ J · E  catic
i  E  ,lett
I (Tfast
I s ""`"“"` -   2- Q
  2. A. R. lievrsome, "Lotters of Romulus Li, Saunders to Bartlett Yanoy,   { §OO1'
  lB2I~1S28," ;{_¥·.1*oline, liistorieppl Review, VIII (1951), 429115, 1  E' %
  , U
Q  Y 
in _ ..

 4
_ l
Q IHTRODUCTION
1
j y
1; Bartlett Yancey, o North Corolino lawyer, congressman, and politician,
qlhorn on FGbTu&T" lO, 1785, near Caswell County Courthouse, now Yancey-
, lgc. Ho received his eurlr education ht s private school and at Hyco
.ncmy in Crswcll County; at the age of fifteen he became m tcnchwr in the
~*utc school he had formerly attended. After two yogrs, lCO4—OG, gt the
*1orsity of Perth Caroline, poverty forced him to louvl without s degree;
b__  pcprt your he spent studying; l.€·.w under Judge Archibarld D, E§urg—71cy, fl
If .sc associate in his later cnrocr; and in l807, he received n license to
1; s,t;C;, In 1808, before hc began the practice of his profession, ho mur-
sr Nancy Groves, a cousin. .
Q V
,·ii ¥* Five yours of success as u lawyer gave Yancey such promincncc that hs
yy ijclcctcd to Congress for two terms, from l3l5 to lOl?. Interestingly
Qhgh, his opponent in the election of lGl2 was Nurphcy. During his period
Clcrvicc Yancey become c member of the Committee on Foreign Rnlations and
Gyfs -?rman of the Committee on Clcims.1
in
I [Id The period l8l3-17 witnessed the emergence of American nationality,
»i;Fedsrslist—Repnhlicen rivalry, based partially on the voter's attitude
&O__`c§rd England and France, had ended. The old Federalist party of Hamilton
khdoms, after o decode ond o half of defects one a continucd decline in
In détigc, had by l8l5 bccomc lnrgely scetionel, By ldle the Repu licnni
ll ry had hccomc thc solc nation-wide political party; economic ond section-
Untcrcsts tcndcf to divide its councils, hovcvcr, and being c Hcpuhllccn
unot olwdys morn supporting thc policies of thw sdministrction.
yd
j Although North Cnrolinu had lenj teen x strong Republic n state, there
Y; ;Qn rift in state politics brtwecn the old, scttlcc Host which vos ov»r-
__  _,oscn_tod in thc lL;;i5ls_tw_un, sw_n_d the f';`·.s;t—;1‘ °-cstfcmz, x, ss. 2 (lE)ll), pp. as-11  
t;1¤@t Y¤nccy"); Biogrophicul Directory of the Amcriccn Congress, lili-
}r§(Yoshingto;,  
. ,_2, Annals of Congrcss, lZth Cong., lst Sess., 504; l3th Cory., Rd Sass.,
l ! 200lT"""""”""“`
"   rms., ism cmg., iid Sess-, 10415-
 4. W.,   Cgljib, ]_(Y1'lQ SL:SEZ,,  
  nos., ism crmqg., Bd S·=¤¤-»  

 1
  E 
  `
JF yl Yadk
Y» Cirolina dolcgdtion opposed tho t’riff of l8l6.6 It will be noticed thntf
2; all¤thesc issues except the last, Ydnooy stood with his friend Calhoum.7 {Q 1Li;
r  C3 OL -·
¥Q After two toxmm in Congress, Yancey declined n third nomlnntlon on t{”dGd L
T" pled thdt his personal affairs hod Mech uoglcctcd._ He was immediately el[?TOvGH
_ ed to the state SGM&t8 and became speaker, scrving co tlnuously from l8l7*t°1°pL
  1827. ' >°’f;{’f1(
N ·  ·a Z3,¤"·`
l The North Carolina into whosc service Yancey wont in tho toons and Yf?¥tl
‘. ll’_‘ twenties of the nineteenth century was a rogion of diversified physiogramW§l¥IF
t and interests and of unattractive social, economic and political cohdltim»“m{tw
,f In spite of tho post-war prosperity, 1815-19, the rate of incrouso of thotfTQAP*
§~ population of the stato continued to decline; ulmost no trade passed thro{“°§F‘?
.~ thc ports of the state because of the snnd—bars; nearly two5thirds of itsfim§G_1
meager commerce whs carried on through neighboring states; and thc mountolrylili
r region was almost isolated, for roads more poor or non—oxistont and rivers_”;*°‘
not navigable. Constitutional rcform was demanded because property qual?-1 T1
fientions for voting and holding office and disproportionate representatlegb ’M
` in the logislaturo gave planters of the East control of the government to°f Qrmd
A the disadvantage of thc more populous and geographically lorgor but poorer;£lS%i
counties of the Wcst; illiteruoy and ignorance were widespread; and the TQ*i?f°
state govornmont’w;: dishonest and corrupt. Political attitudes in thc lj Ji
stato were influenced by its dlvlvion into thrco economic areas: (l) Thelgulxa
northeastern region, comprising the urea of tho Albemarle Sound and the vd; Tuvl
loy of the Ronnoke Rivor and containing planters and small farmors. Rccausg
thore was no direct outlet to the seo, tho cdstorn portion of this rogion,E§ DO
_ counties ooocsslblt to the Sound Gnd to thu navigable reaches of the Ho&n#lOn?¥E
' Hivor, routcd its trmd» through tho Dismal Swamp Canal to Norfolk. Becaust;?lYi
tho upper pmrt of the Hoohoko was navigable, tho western counties of the r ft$Q°
including the oust rr and central tiers of countios bordering Virginia, wc¥g$,;?
primarily oelf—sufFlolcnt, although some tobicco was grown For export ovwrlf““"l
I vid Pttersburg, Virginin. The entire vogion favored m fedorml policy of l§ Yu
irtwruel improvements, for lt was b lioved that only the federal govornmcHA_Q,,l
l could afford to out on inlet to tho Sound; the wostcrr counties also fRVOTd£~ji+
U w stdto program of intornal improvomonts. (2) The Niddlc East region, sit#A;lbU
ud between the vnlleys of thc Roanoke end.Cnpc Fodr rivors and reaching wel _”li.
up into the contor of tho state, the locale of tho wealthy plantotlon—slevg§ uci?
holdjrg cxristocrsucy, wrfxich `* .l·.   withit; rez=.oh of T’Jilmi:1gto2;, the only port  
_ open directly to the son, and was ncceosiblt through Ocracoke Inlet. A st¤tQQ??_
policy of internal lmprovemonts was neither needed nor desired by this regf?`JOb
H gnnorol policy would cost thc woalthy landowners but would moon no profilw
, for {hem. And (3) thc vest sovthwostoru and wostern soetlon of tho state, d —
which e~rslsted of self-sufficient smull Farmers, with its shallow streams Q 8
Y _ mud ilmost non—nxist ut roads, This region cnrri d on its wcoger trade Vrww_;
V1 throujh Georgia, T»;v:ssoc, `.-. xnd pzrticulirly down its two nxvi;aol< rivers, g?§Z%
. ff Fc`?
l   {T H
1 ......... ‘ ` ` . ‘;Ho5)M
4 ,““ ’
Q 6, Annxls »f Coucress, léth Cord., lst Sess., 1552. §éi%%€
{ 7. J. G. do H. Waullton concludes thot Yancey supportod Calhoun ruth¤*,T,J,
, than Crawford in th election of 1824. J, G, do R. Hamilton, "Politlcdl orj A`t§
l Prof swieutl Cxre r of Fnrtlwtt Yd2c©V," Jduos SPru:t Histvrical Publicati»?A V.
=  za,   re (1911), ua.   10*
  { ll.
 §\ ‘
K  L 
 

   as
i
~
gf Yadkin and Catawba, to Charloston, S0uTh_Car01ina.U
I i 5*+ ·` 
,DnT7`¥1 Leadership in the offorf hn romovv fhc natural handicaps to the economic 1
¤}@1¤pmont of the State was tokou Ry Archibald D. Hurphey, whose plan in-
L On t,yd@d provision o? an adoquaic system of land and wutor transportation,
,1V Olg@rOvemont of local commercial ooniors, roolamntiom of eastern swamps, and
, iglygyglgpmcmt of m stmto—widc pu%11c school system and whose objectives were
Wpodom from oconomio dependence on South Carolina and Virginia and a
qbgparous s%abc. In tho 1516-17 soszion of tho General Assembly, at which
gud Qwcoj was first undo Speaker of tho Sonata, Ewrphay undo his noted roporis
Ogr&w@;in11nd navigation, poblio education, and a constitut1onn1 oonvonhion; u
_ditiOfgmAtto¢ on Inland H&VlgSt1OH ruportod on mmprovomont of tho lH1CtS and m
{ thGy§y& of informal imorovcmomts; Ymnocy, A staunch supportor of tho Furphoy
thrmQp;yzm, prusontod 0 ropori providing for a Supreme Court and o court to sit
f itsjrkho Tcstcrx part of the State. Home of those reforms was adopted, but
Ouni&£,qvizion wm? mooo for surveys of Sover 1 r1vors preparatory to dCGP€H1Hg
TiVCTégem ior m&v1gmc1om.
.·— -§_  :
gggiiai The legislature nude no real novo toward carrying out the Hurphey
nt tO*gforms until 1ClQ. In 1818, how©ver,`Ti11i1u Gaston presented, ond the
DOOT€r];isl;turo passed, m measure providing for ; Supromo Court and a court
1hC ·¤jorior. Ya%coy was offorpd on oiyointmoni on tho Supromo Court but rojoct-
thg :5 the of€or,‘ At tho sxmo session Yancey, Honry Potbor, and Chief Justice
) The Qpn W, Taylor ofltho nowly orontod Supromo Court, woro appointed a committee
the VL_`; L1·ovi.s;c2 1L1“lCy stwmo 1mrs.
l
?Q§;;;}? Despite dolays and coxproninos onusod by local so1F—intorost and noc-
ioanygonml differoucmu the lcgislmturo haQ by tho ond of 1519 procured surveys
%CCaUy1,rivcrs and proposod cnnuls, aukhorizod subscriptions of Q112,000 to
hhG rgflgmtion companies, created funds for inthrnal improvomunts, ostahlishod
La, Tm;}%o·rd of Tntcrnal Improvemontz tfoadninister tho fund,·#nd hired an
L OV&FQ;jish onginoor, Hamilton Fulton. ‘
;rii€H{1 Yancey had voted in Congress for Eodural informal improvements and seom»
fgvcrghstill to favor the policy; on this as on okhor progressive measures he
Z SihyW Takhanicl Xmcon disagreed. {boon irimd to oonvwrt Yancey, as is shown
    }1is·],€1i’%;<>1*s; IJE:a.oon';? <;pPosi*cj_o1¤_ to j_;qprovc:;;o1*1{2;3 rms b0.§c:c1' on si;ri,c‘b con-
,_Sl&Vg_?ucb1on of tho Const1tut1on, on u four for tmc snmoty or slavery, and on
,0rt L bonkoutior that tho federal govornmouf constantly drained money from the
A Stajgfih, for "nomrlj ull the federal taxon oollcctcd ihorc ar; paid for the ll
S TOE? {croat of the puolic debt, or 1axo our to kno north of tho James R1vcr."
pmiiw  f
into, { ..
ZTCFUHS i4 _ _ _ __ _ V, , _,o _
vdg .$ 8. A. R, Qowsouo, "Tho PTOSldCH11?1 E1cct1on of 1824 lh .0rth CHT?11H&,"
,iVQTS’ 3QS Spru%E~§tuo1os lh Qistory -nq YO1lClCq1¤SClCHUC, XX1II, no. 1 (1969),
gw Qhorcaftmf—ET1Ed as Qowsorw, T$$¥¥$?F$1}a1 E1CC1lUH of 19&4"); W. K. Boyd,
YH Todoral Poriod, 1783-1860 (Volumn II, R. P. T· Connor, T. K. Boyd, rnd
[C,   of Yorth Carolina, Z vols. (Chicago and Kew York,
i;1G)), pissing Q, D, 7C , Lobuildirg or Ancient Common-
r °nJ.*ch,   (c2;1c:·.;;¤ me  
rakhfy road Dovolopmcnt: ggrth C¤r01ium's First Effort to
iC&ti:‘_ Q. Haven to Yancey, Fab. 8 and `urch U, 1818. Infra, entries 2 and Z,
———-——v 10. Howaomo, "Prosidoutlzl Elooiiov of 1®EG," p§T_5:TO.
_ ‘ 11. Elnoozz to Ytxzicoy, Dao. 125, IFE1. IJQCTG., oziirff 18.
4

 5%  1
Vg, ,  
J But Heoon was not consisie E, ?or in 1020 he secured President Nonroc‘pf To 0
X pronicu of c survey of un ocean in1#b from Albemarle Sound, Ho uno opposcdgjgméig
d to thm general policy of federalqimprcvcments bun fnvorcd expcnditurc on iq‘”0t
li imnrevemcnko i; forth Cnre1iia.l* V1TO° {
· * 1j1&VOl
l - . »1tor {
Although Eamccy and okhers cppcrnrtly were not impressed by Hacon's ggplgo
—n alnrmisi viows concerning the Scfcty of slavery, Uaco;'s worst fears seemed» “'"`
. . . ., . . ,, ,,. . . cnlhc
to bc roalizco in tnc struggle over the admission 01 Liszouri in 1819-20. M·SOUt1
Rui only pnblic men and members of Congress apparently were much excited by , "
do the debates in Congress, for the controversy was obscured by the panic of Q
11 1919, wkich checked the nationclistic‘spirit in the nntion and intensified lf 18214
,. Sycyimngi fooling, In Forth Carolina, ms in the other states, prices fell {W ful
1_ rapidly, land values decreased, and bankruptcies, foreclosures, and inprisond OSS
A monk for dont inorcmscd greatly. °1p I
The conflict between debtor and creditor grew more fierce and thc lnfonx Chr?
_ popular opposition to banks was aroused. The Supreme Court decision in the Q Ougl
camo o? FcCn11och v, Maryland plcccd the brunch of the United States Bank at1 1511
Fgyotfcvillo xbove*h¤rm by the stain legislature, although in 1818 an act wwf igpg
passed laying u tax of $5,ooo and an effort was made to collect from the 1 1¥Jd
bank, The state banks, howovor, were more vulnerable and Governor Brunch f LJ
load thw attack. In his speeches to the legislative sessions of 1819 and 18Q
he Proposed debtor relief and Uwn% rvgulstioh, but the Pro—bank Party dcfcain od a
1 cd all cffortc to carry the ;ovcrnor'c proposals into effect. Efforts to g indi
invgstigcto the banks were defontcd in the scssions of 1821 and 1825, but iq
1 modificitions of the debtor laws and m stay law for purchasers ef Cherokee 1
1 lands wcro pnszcd.lO Yanccy's sknnd on bunk affairs cannot be ascertained f SQHS
i definitely, but two letters from John I. Inge seem to indicate that he stood} uhh
1 with Governor Branch in favor of debtor rc1ief.l4 11 Eg C
1 _ _ _ {1 disi
1 At the sane time, the internal improvements program of the State was A1 CNW
1 having difficulkics. Efforts warn made in 1820, 1821, and 1822, t= repeal "1 tb]
1 ih; act of 1819; ulthough these nhtxcks were resisted, the hostility to thc 11 fgw
policy was increasing and iis conkinnance seemed doubtful, Yancey continuedj
11 his suppovi o? kno state policy. Q
1 P1 wes
1 Efforts at constitutional reform were mode more frequently after 1819; ~1 and
1 xyd after moves in the lcgislnture of 1819, 1920, and 1821 were thwarted, jg can
thc western scnmtors and representatives held o caucus in 1822 that resulted 2 00m
1 in the nnprodnctivo Western Convention of 1823. Even Macon conceded the y1 www
1 justice of sonw of the wcskorn contentions.l5 1 A A
1 Meanwhile, the campaign for the prcsidentinl election of 1824 wns gradU11 GQ1
1 olly irkiny procodonc» in fha minds beth of thc people and of the politicinm f and
' Villirm H. Crawford, the lender of the "rudical" wing of the Republican pnrnji th!
,1 rival cnnQidxt» for inc presidency against Uonrec in 1815, and Seereiary ef i1 and
1 iVe Truenuvj under Wonroc, was looked upon by North Carolina Republican 10&Q;E
1 ‘  ·-—
I ‘_""‘*  
1 11. iuccn to Yrnccy, April 19, 1820, Infra, entry 15. {1
1 15. Towoewe, "?renidentin1 Eleekion o€¤1E?¥," pp. 12-15, Ll
1 12. Inga to Yancey, Tov. 25, 1819. Infra, entries Q and 10. fi
  ia.   izo yemq-, ivwn. iv, wsa.   {mary   _  
.i ’ """"‘  
o` w

 { 5
 1
2roc';l . _ _ _
,0SCd {oro as thc logiool suoooscor ol thu St¤tts’ Rights icputliconism of Joftorson,
5R lyrdison and Nonroo. Opposod to him wort John Quincy Adams, tho oou1try’s
ojmost distinguished diplomot, Socrotury of Stoto, 1817-1825, and How En;lnnG'S
QQHovorito son; Henry Clay, "Forry of tho Wost" and "Thc Vostorn Stor," Bonu-
,S  tor from Kcntxxolijr and Spoultc:1· of tho Eiouso of R»:;»:·osontutivoo; Analrow Jsxolcson,
SCCmCG,go1so u wostcrnor, hcro of POW Orlocns, and conqueror cj florida; ond John C.
2O_ (  mlhoun, Congrerssrgon wom South Gorolnm., Soorotory   ¥*:m~, 1€·17—1S25, tho
Ed by r Southorn loodor oi tho group of tho Republicans opposing Crowforo’s rosotion.
I
Cggd 6% Tho Crawford sugpoltors in Worth Cwrolinn wrro ccrtdim of success. In
Fcll ,§§lS2l, Pacon sou Crdwlorc rathor thou Ad,ms, Calhoun, or Cloy as tho suoooss-
Or,SO, ’ ‘ ful condidatc in lo24.·° Tho Crowiorditos thought thu loss talk ‘`v. the ocltor
‘ “{gpossibilitios their oandidato had.
ln,G“Q Cut tho anti—Crcwford group, oontcring around Salisbury ond lcd by
H the"] Ch*T}€S F1$h0T SHG YUG Egijjfg C¤FQliHiHH, a Salistury ncwspxpor, bcgon
lnk atx putlio discussion of tho presidential olcctiou in 1222 ind rapidly gained
ict W,} fQl}OWCT$· Th¤ UOPGS QT ih¤ ¤¤tljCP¤WYOrd group ocntcrod on Calhoun, ono by
hc Q 1825 tho Culhigr campaign was well lounchod and woo the only onndidooy public-
noh f XF diSG¤ssod, ’
hud 1Sb* ., _ _ V ,, _ ,_ , _ _
dCfCR,,i As Macon wroto r&¤cGy, too ¤l©G€l¤§ of thi A§S*mblY ¥B_lU2Z YES T°S“Td“
to  1 od QS cru<>1¢»lLt;r Svp22<¤ri¤<··r&= N0? both vrrnoigo-tes. hi¤‘.’¢<’>r<‘>r, if gt¢u*<> rw ¤l.<¤=rr—¤¤.¤t
but Q ¥Hd1C@tl0¤ 01 Th< mmnditc oi the poojlo,
gizg it 'In the logisl ture of 1923-24, Yanccywwoo rc~cloct~d Spook »o.o r of the
Stcmy i som-oo, am ci·¤wi‘or<1 {¤ows1¤¤1>¤r. thi;   ` ·C~’ *”_"°‘l€   P‘"““°""’#
_g and rcsolutions to instruct tho north Cmrolino congrossioucl dologntiom not
Q to attend c caucus woro dofoutod, as wus ms cffort to ro·cst¤1liuk tho
NES       ?hOO§i—ng G.-1—GCtOI1S•   of thcsc (*VCYl'lZS ‘.'YZ.¢}`*Yi `i)€\l[Q?]'i_ loy
Ucml ., Crwwxorditcs us indications of Popular support. dowovor, the Wcotorn Uonvoo»
B thg ,i tlom, most of tho mombors of which noro anti-Crwwiord, give thc Cglhoun
tinucdji iorccs u iurthor opportunity to ovoivo pl uz.
E On Dcccrmcr 24, 1925, a caucus of Crawford suwportcrn in the logiolwturo
1819; Eé’U¤S ofllidg apnnrortly loss than m mnjority of tle Gonuril Assomtly uttcndcd
Bd V, dud put iorword Crowioro as ;ortn Cwrolmnnls choioc lor the prcsiucnoy. wlno
Suihgd   ouuous and tho moxtlbors of thi C·o1:1;j3"<:SSl1&>T1i‘.l ,o.bocnt.w gzioiiiis 11051).1 dirty, to
Tv Of  ,2; iulb i{‘.".1(jl1S COl1]_(A     OVLj:l"(;fglj\{l_: by `l,;1_; I';;SO]_`f_¤glOl'l-C>]_ ERC, Sc;,';(,»  k.`Ll1`(`
¤“lw,d_,· I Find oh-; plcns of i,;fl,j1CG;.', G·;l1o.tin, :‘x;;r‘ otmxr Lricndzt ol   or<1.<~
=¤
{· 16. Macon to Yancey, Doc. 12, 1821. Infra, entry 1C. U
Q 17. Hcwsomo, "Prtsidcrtjal Elnctior o? 1@24," pp. &G—3U.
il IG. Facon to Yinccy, Lnrch 17, 13E?. 1k£r;, 02Jry li.
j 19. Yxwsomo, “PrCoidontin1 Elcotion of 1S2%," pp. 7Z~7Q, TO-77, 119.
  20, lbidh p, BL,
1.

 ,g ., {
  6  
lj The Crawford suppcrtmrs soon rcslizcd that to win thc election in thc ·fSpiti
`J $t¤?O WO¤ld F€qUiTG &H active campwign. Yanccy, Rs°bkicf Crawford agtnt_in QS°n&°
.{ N0rth Carolina, maintsincd constant contact with Ibsen, Lewis Williams, wud Q
 l Romulus M. Sgund0rs,.thc most active Crxwford supporters in thc StxtC's Q
congressional dclcgntion, and with Crxwfsrd leader: within thc stat;. H0 Qin }8
t recsivcd Crawford pawphlcts and had than published iu the Raleigh Register, £IH_t8
sought t0 stimulate the activity of the Crawford Olsctgys,`E§§YE§§E§?§E§§f“ y€U?lb?
` wrote the Crawford address to the freeman of North Csrolinn, signéd by mcm—  '?+QC L
bers of the Crawford committee and published in thc Hcgistcr, Oct. 1Q, l824.2§i
, .
1 Yanc0y's stand during thc campaign of l824 rsprcscntcd A shift from tho ?$}¤t“I
position hc took during his early public career. As a Crawford supporter, [§E° CQ
I 4 Yancey became thu opponent of fsdcrsl intcrnml improvements and of thc tariff#§b°£i1
tl H0 was probably influenced to shift by Forth Csr0lins‘s change from n&ti0u1l~F§?O&°€
4 istic to a states' rights position during thc curly l820's, i§O?gE§
, -;as A
As a reward for aiding Crawford, A Calhoun supvortur stated lstcr that iipltcy
I Yancey was to bc made Postmaster Guncral if Crawford were 0lcctcd.22
`  4 , ,
` Meanwhile, thc frimnds of Adams, Jmckscn, and Calhoun were united under `$?{Ll(
* the lsgdurship of Charles Fishcr, Q S&liSbuPy PO1itiCi?U ¤nd Ghi0f Of thc ‘%hlVG}
1 Cslhoun forces; they prepared thc.Pc0pls's ticket in opposition to thc _§§CniJ
Crawford tickct. Their strategy was to lcmvc thc electors frcc to support %]Q'°”
_ the csndiduts most likcly to defeat Crmwfcrd. Soon after Calhoun withdrcw ¥€i¤mm
E from the presidential cumpzign to become vice presidential candidate gn thc f€buT¢
E Jackson ticket, the Pc0plc's ticket was understood to bz for Jnc3s0n.&5 >§;@ii
I ln the clcctiou, much to the surprise of the Crawford supporters, the j§;T§$
P00plc's tickct polled a majority of 4,794, and the Stst0’s electoral vote Qéli if
l was Civcn solidly For Jmcks0n_und Calhoun. ’This result might be intcrprctcd lg"; X
i ns a rcpudintion of thc leadership of the strict~c0mstructi0mist Virginia ȤO" i
{ school, whose Earth Carolina sppkcsman was Eason. The western ind cqstsl il
j sections of thc State, impcllcd by thcir ucsd for u more cnnstructivc g0v0rn—l%I%;v
I mcutml program, had carried the State for Jackson and against the Middle ?gjjL
_: East, Crawford, cud governmental inaction. » ;;i;n?
t When thc fmilurn of any candidate to secure s nmjsrity of the electoral tgdwul
I ‘v0tcs thrgy the election into the Hsusu of Representatives, hcwcvcr, thc {
{ North Carolina cwngrtssmcn refused to follow thc luad cf their ccnstitucmts. fg_“
1 Thuir attitude is txprcsssd by Lewis Willixms in a lcttcr to Yancuy: "Last QQEQJI
1 night I was usssilud on thu ground of an ubligstion to submit to thc voice iQQg3f
y of the Stats, —— Hut I rcpcllcd the mrgumumt in terms suitable to its /=Q%"V
j ubsurdity."24 Although the Qgrth Carolina vets in the Hausa of R0pr0svmt;~ F§iQ°F
Q tives was givsr {sr Crawford, five of tha ton mcmbcrs of thc dclcgitiwu wh: iéxiol
§ s voted for him failed uf rc~slccti n in l826. Among thosc dufcstcd was _€id¤
i Hwmulus M. Suundurs, thc cpngrcssmsm from Y&nccy's own district;25 but in “Q
1 ?@
1 ` *2
1  
i -—-——————~—·  ·2
1 {-———
g El. Ycwsumc, "Frcsidcntial Elcction of l824," pp. ll8—ll9. it
e Egy Ihid{, p. 74u. C§l3l€
3 _     pp. az:-g 90, 90.   ·
LQ QQ; i©v. SO, l82i. Infra, entry 45. ' xifchr
é d5, ;ews0mc, "Trwsidentisl Election OF l82é," p{ l72h. JQ "`
M-  ..

 .}; ` 7
` 
thc igoltc oi his active supnort of Crawford, Yancey himself returned to the Ststc
5 in jgonste and was rc—electcd speaker,
{nd A
‘® Meanwhile, Yoncoy's personal fortune and popularity continued to incretre.
{C jqjn 1825, he rejected President’s Adoms's offer of the test of minister to for .
ZOT, Qln l8RT, Colhnun mentioned the hope that he would be a cundidute for the
ptr {United States Sonutc, and from then until his death Yuncoy was looked on as
,gm_ §§+ho potential successor of Hnthuniel Macon, who resigned lovermcr lc, l93C.
L€i2