xt7wdb7vp537 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wdb7vp537/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.  journals kaes_circulars_004_579 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 579 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 579  2014 true xt7wdb7vp537 section xt7wdb7vp537 ‘ v
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‘ BU RLEY
I CIRCULAR 579 (Filing Code: I-3)
I 1 YCOOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
UNIVERSITY 0F KENTUCKY \iiAGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS

 C O N T E N T S ’ ,
Page °
lieinoving 'I`oi>;1c:t:o {rom the Burn ..........................,............................. 3
The Stripping Room .........................................................................,....,. 5
Lighting the Stripping ltooin ................................................................ 6
Stripping und Sorting U
First St¢·p—Sorting the Plants ........................................................ 7
Second Stt·p—Cronping .................................................................. S S
Illyings ...................................................................................... 8
Lngs ...................................................................,...................... 9
L<·nI` .....,.................................................................................... IO
Tiiini Step—'I`ying ............................................................................ 15
I”’r<-ssing and Iiniking Stripped Tobacco A............................................. 15 4
l.o;niing Strippcti 'I`o}>;it·c·o r...................................................,............... 17 9
L'nlou;1>kt*ts {lor Saiiv ...........................,........................ 19
V
\\'ln*n Your rll()l)ilL`l'U Is Sold .....................,..............................,........... 20
li¢~I;1tionsinp oi Stripping to Slaiminrti Crndes .........r.......................... 22
Key to Stznninrtl (Inuit- Nlurks .......................,.....,................................ 24
This circular was cleuelopezl by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and burley-
protlucing states. under the leuclership of Russell A. Hunt of Kentucky. Publica-
tion and color pliotogropliy were by the Public Information Department, Univer-
sity of Kentucky, Lexington.

 . z .
Preparing Burley Tobacco for Market
RUSSELL A. HUNT, crmpmiiiw Eximim. swim anim-mir, or iemmcky
nov ii. BENNETT, Extension swim North cmiimi sim eaizigr
JOHN w. VAN AnsnAi.L, iii., rwiimmi smack, Airs. us. n(»,mri.m-..i of Agfir—..ii.m—
GILBERT N. RHODES, Agriwimmi Extension s.·mia·. iii.ie.»m»,, of r·.»m.mt»p
c. ii. MATnEws, Agiia.ii.rmi Extension swim i¤irgi¤i.i 1·(»iy».»a...it» i...im..»r»
T
Proper stripping and sorting of your burley tobacco are im-
portant if you are to get the highest price for your crop.
Stripping and sorting the crop into grades according to group,
quality, and color enable the manufacturer and leaf buyers to
I obtain their specific needs. \/Vhen offered for sale, leaf poorly
ll stripped and sorted may not meet the needs of specific manu-
facturers or leaf buyers. Tobacco is still being bought, to a large
extent, on its looks and uniformity. Burley tobacco properly
stripped, sorted, tied and attractively displayed will usually sell
_ for the highest current price on the market.
I Preparing your burley tobacco for market involves a number
of steps. All are important. This publication gives detailed
l` information on each phase of preparation.
1 REMOVING TOBACCO FROM THE BARN
The first step in preparation is to remove your tobacco from
the barn at the proper time.
1 If left hanging indefinitely in the barn, bnrley tobacco loses
weight and quality and the color fades or changes. It is desirable
to remove your crop from the barn as soon as it is ready and con-
`A ditions permit. Tobacco is ready for bulking and stripping when
the leaves and the stems are fully cured, and the top leaves, when
, in light case, break clean when removed from the plant. In light
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT FOR COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS 4
~ The inclusion of color illustrations in this circular was made pos-
sible by a grant from the American Suppliers Division of The Ameri-
can Tobacco Company. The American Tobacco Company has an
' abiding interest in the preparation of the crop for market, and has
evidenced a genuine appreciation of the problems confronting the
farmer as he prepares his crop for sale. The company has expressed
the hope that this publication will be helpful to all growers.
3

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Burley tobacco cured, reudy for bulking i
case,. the top leaves do not feel dry, yet they contain only enough z
moisture to 1nake them pliable.
In early fall the crop may be stripped from the rail or enough W
bulked to provide three or four days, stripping. After the stalks ~
are cured the entire crop 1nay be taken down from the rails and
bulked. Regardless of the time required, the crop must be thor- _
oughly cured and in keeping order before it is bulked. .
Have your tobacco in good order before bulking. It is in good
order when the stem or midrib has sufficient moisture that it _
will not break easily but before the leaf surface becomes moist.
Bulk tobacco when it first comes in ease during a rainy period.
Do not take it down and bulk it during a heavy fog. \Vhcn bulked ~
during a fog or after it becomes high in case, tobacco often be-
comes foo hivlr in order in the bulk and heats. Earl r in the season
bulk only enough for three or four days, stripping. After stalks ·
have cured bulk the entire crop. Tobacco in proper condition can
best be kept that way by bulking.
4

 La a ood latform or floor heav enou h to Jrevent tobacco
Y P Y I
V from absorbing moisture or earthy odor from the ground. Remove
Y f tobacco from sticks so it will lie closely in bulk, holding its
ori inal case and kee Jin out air and dirt. Bulk the tobacco in a
1
double rick, with the tips overlapping in the middle and the butts
of the stalks to the outside.
Cover the completed bulk with a tarpaulin, old blanket, or a
; thin layer of tobacco sticks to prevent drying and breakage, and
to keep the crop clean.
THE STRIPPING ROOM
A comfortable stripping room is needed for good tobacco
_ stripping. It should be large enough to accommodate the workers
and have a stripping table, adequate lighting, and some provision
for heating. Wall presses are desirable.
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Note the essentiul items in this stripping room—stripping toble, good ‘
lights, press, stick ruck, und heating stove. .
The stripping table should extend the length of the room, ,
be about 36 inches from the floor and 4% to 5 feet deep. A top
of 3—incli slatted material or hardware cloth is recommended.
LIGHTING THE STRIPPING ROOM
Adequate lighting is necessary for workers to sort tobacco ._ ‘
1lL‘COI'(llIlg U) gl'Ll(lC 1tl](l COlOl', 2`tI](l to (lCtGl`INlIIC qtlillllfy. It is DCCGS-
SLlI`y U) llLl\'C l)l`()p(}I` llgllt LIS COlOl` (llStlll(JtlOl]S Oft€l] Cl€t€1'Hlll1€ tllé I
quality of the tobacco. \rVith poor light, much tobacco may seem - I
IIlIll`()l`lll Ill C()l()1`, \Vll€I'€L1S 1)l`O]_)Cl`   COl](lltlOlTS WOtllCl 1'CV€21l
mixed colors. Provide the best light possible on the farm. Light
may be supplied by: °
I. l·`l,U()l\lCSCENT LICllTS—Have one for each worker,
placed about   feet above the stripping table. Use a fixture p -
with two 4(I-watt deluxe cool white, or one 40-watt deluxe cool
white tube and one 4()—watt daylight tube if preferred. ,
6

 2. SKYLICHTS—If ou do not have electricit , sk li hts are
Y Y Y S
the next best substitute. Skylights on the north side of the roof,
directly over the stripping table, are satisfactory.
3. SIDE WINDOWS—The next best light is provided by side
. windows, located on the north side of the room, in the side wall,
* with the bottom of the window sash 6 or 8 inches above the
stripping table, and with the windows extending the full length
of the table. Tilting the top of the windows 6 inches toward the
table improves lighting conditions.
STRIPPING AND SORTING
The purpose of stripping is to bring together leaves of like
rou , color, and ualit from different stalks of tobacco.
E P (1 Y
First Step—Sorting the Plants
As plants are removed from sticks and before bulking, they
_ should, when necessary, be sorted into three lots:
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Removing tobacco from stalk under fluorescent light
i 7

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This stalk of tobacco is cured and ready for stripping.
1. Plants that are small or undersize.
:2. Plants that show a decided green color. ·
  Plants of normal size and clear color. p
This division will greatly simplify sorting and will help you 7
maintain uniformity of the several grades. Each lot of plants ' 
should be worked separately. A
Second Step——Gr0uping
Normally the leaves grow on the stalk in a certain order-
llyings at the bottom, thin leaves or lugs a little higher up, leaf T
next, and then tips. Sorting will be simplified further if you keep "
each of these groups by itself. (See photograph on page 23.)
FLYINGS
The first leaves you strip are those at the base of the plant.
These are known as flyings and are recognized by their thin body
and by a considerable degree of injury characteristic of leaves *
grown near the soil. They are also shorter than leaves produced
higher up the stalk, with the exception of tip leaves. As you ·
remove the flyings, separate them into lots according to quality,
which is largely based on the amount of injury and on color. Tie .
the leaves of eaelr quality into "hands" or bundles. The tie—leaf
wrapped around each hand should _be of the same quality and
8

 color as the tobacco in the hand. Then the heads will not contrast
with the leaves. Heads should be about as big around as a silver
V dollar. Place hands of the different qualities and colors on scp-
arate sticks.
LUGS
Next above the Hyings are the lugs. These leaves, usually the
longest and widest on the plant, are thin to medium in body, arc
larger than flyings, and do not have the injury characteristic of
leaves grown near the soil. In grouping mediunrbodied tobacco,
certain characteristics closely related to body, such as sinootbncss,
fiber size, finish, oiliness, shape of tips, and color shade, are con-
sidered in determining the leaves to be placed in the lug group.
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 - V V Ay \ { . V .
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i Leaves removed from the stalk. On the left are flyings; on the right,
lugs. Flyings are short and show injury. Lugs are longer and sounder. A
Both are light-colored and thin-bodied.
9

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e 1 M r ’
all   "   l T * T
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lj,]   { - \· ,9   i l.lrl· F
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These leaves show the characteristics of bright leaf (left) and tannish ,
red leaf (right). When cured, leaf tobacco folds along the midrib.
LllgS 2ll'(‘ llSll2lll}' Clll`C(l \Vltll $11] OPCH face, \Vltll tl]C St€IH Ht O1` HCEIY _
the ccntcr ol the cured leaf.
As lllgS lll`(‘ Sll`l]_)pC(l, SOl`lj tl]Cl]} ZllSO 2].CCOl`(llllg to qllllllty Zllld
color. Body and color are closely associated. The light—colo1·ed p`
lcavcs arc usually thin—bodied, and the red, or darker colored
oncs, are ol mcdium body. The hands of each subdivision of lugs
should bc almost alike in color and quality. Assemble hands of <~
(‘llCll (llllllllfy 1lll(l C()l()l` Lllld place tl`1C1]] Ol] S(?]_)lll`Ht€ sticks.
LEAF
,~\l`tcr you rcmovc the lugs, the rest of the leaves to be stripped “
will fall into the lcal group. Leaves of this group from a single
plant vary considerably in length, with the tip leaves being the
shortest.
IO l

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Hands ot tlyings (left) and lugs (right). This shows the characteristics of
- each and the appearance of a proper—sized hand.
‘ (Below) Hands of leaf tobacco. Leaf grades are heavier-bodied, usually
darker, and the leaves are not so wide as those of lugs.
l,
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Hands of red leaf (left) and tips (right). Red leaf is usually heavy-bodied
and lacks the finish of bright leaf. Leaf tobacco shorter than l6 inches
is known as tips.
Leaf tobacco when cured folds like a book, with the stem at _
the side. This feature aids in recognizing leaf and is helpful in
separating lugs and leaf tobacco. T
The first leaf tobacco removed from the stalk is longer, lighter
in color, and thinner bodied than the leaf farther up the stalk.
This is known as bright leaf. Bright leaf has a tan—colored face
and back and usually shows maturity and finish.
The darker colored, heavy—bodied leaf found above the bright
leaf is known as red leaf. Red leaf has a dull face and back and _
usually lacks finish.
Tips are the short leaves at the top of the stalk and are less
than 16 inches long. They will generally blend into two grades T
depending upon body and color.
As you strip the leaves of the leaf group sort them according
to quality, color, and length, and tie them into hands. Then "'
assemble the hands of each quality, color, and length; place them
on sticks; and bulk them. _
"Nondescript" is a group having leaves which may come from
any part of the stalk where there is considerable injury, waste, V
houseburn, etc. Generally, the very bottom leaves will be dark
I2

 ` and show considerable injury. Keep them separate from other
flyings, as they are usually nondescript.
Then press the sticks of sorted tobacco and bulk them. Cover
the bulk carefully to protect the leaf from trash and dirt, preserve
color, and prevent drying out.
' Practically all crops of burley are different. Some crops will
V ; have four grades, while others will have from five to eight grades.
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Tying a hand of stripped tobacco. Note the size of the tied hand is about
V the diameter of a silver dollar.
I3

 I
Twelve hands of leaf fill this stick and have been pressed before being
bulked.
(Below) This stick has l2 medium—sized hands of flyings,'a proper number
for good handling.
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I4

 Use as few grades as possible to separate like groups, qualities,
and colors. Do not mix leaves of different groups in order to avoid
having an extra grade.
A Quite often you will have green or pink leaves of tobacco.
Mixing this off-colored tobacco with the well-colored tobacco will
= usually cause the grade to be lowered to that of the off—colored
tobacco. It may then be designated as a mixed color.
A mixed group consists of leaves of different groups such as
leaf, lrrgs and Hyings tied together.
Third Step—Tying
* Tie all grades of tobacco in uniform-sized hands with heads
having the diameter of a silver dollar. Very large hands of tobacco
are difficult to dry without damage. Moisture left under the tie
leaf of oversized heads causes mold or rot in storage. Large hands
· and heads of tobacco sometime cause difHculty on the sales floor
and in the re-dryer. ‘
. Tie each hand securely so that it does not break or come
untied during normal handling and marketing. Tie leaves should
not extend farther than about 2 inches from the butt of the leaves.
W The tie leaf should be of the same color and quality as the grade
being tied. Do not cap over the head of the hand with the tie
leaf. A careful, neat job of tying will make the tobacco more
r attractive to the buyer and will generally result in a higher price.
PRESSING AND BULKING STRIPPED TOBACCO
V Prepare a good platform for your stripped tobacco before »
’ stripping it. Use tobacco presses to improve the appearance of
your tobacco. Presses can be made on the farm and are relatively
inexpensive} They are usually placed on the walls of a stripping
room. Have one press for every two strippers. As you fill each
stick (preferably 12 or 14 hands), place it in a press and leave it
there until you fill the next stick. After you take the sticks from
‘ the press place them in bulk and cover the bulk. Press your
tobacco according to its group. Never press when the tobacco is
in high order.
l Plans for making homemade presses may be obtained from your state agri-
V Cllltllrlll CXtCI`lSlOH SCI`VlCC ()I` CXDCI`lll\(‘Ilf $l2lll()l1, OI` fI`()]l] 1.llC T()l)tlC(J() Section,  
Department of Agriculture.
75

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Proper pressing of stripped tobacco improves its appearance and thus
increases its marketability. This homemade press can be made easily and ,
economically.
(Below) During the early period of stripping, the hands of stripped tobacco y ·
are placed in hollow bulks, with a few empty sticks inserted to permit air
circulation and to kee the stri ed tobacco from heatin . _
P
(Photo: The Progressive Farmer)
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