xt7wwp9t2q46_72 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61.dao.xml American Liberty League 37 linear feet archival material English University of Kentucky This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed. Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically. Physical rights are retained by the owning repository. Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. For information about permissions to reproduce or publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center. Jouett Shouse Collection (American Liberty League Pamphlets), No. 75 "Economic Planning - Mistaken But Not New: A Discussion of Similarities Between the New Deal and the Medieval Mercantilist System which Reached Its Climax Under King George the Third and Precipitated the American Revolution," November 11, 1935 text No. 75 "Economic Planning - Mistaken But Not New: A Discussion of Similarities Between the New Deal and the Medieval Mercantilist System which Reached Its Climax Under King George the Third and Precipitated the American Revolution," November 11, 1935 2013 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61/59m61_75/Am_Lib_Leag_75_001/Am_Lib_Leag_75_001.pdf section false xt7wwp9t2q46_72 xt7wwp9t2q46 Pamphlets Available
rk ir
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Copies of the following pamphlets and
other League literature may be obtained
upon application to the League’s national
headquarters:
Statement org Principles am? Pigpoies ‘
American Li erty eague- ts at orm
An Analysis of the President’s Budget Message _ ‘
Economic Security ‘
Inflation
The Thirty Hour Week
The Holding Company Bill
Price Control
The Labor Regaitions
The Farmers’ ome i
The TVA Amendments * * *
How to Meet the Issue-Speech by W. E. Borah
The Supreme Court and the New Deal .
A1;] Opeln Letter to the President-By Dr. Neil
arot ers
The llgtevisied AAIA Agiendments
he resi ent’s ax rogram · · · · · ·
The American Bar-The Trustee of American A Dlscusslon of Slmllarltlcs Between
Institutions—Speech by Albert C. Ritchie the New Deal and the Mediaeval Mer»
Fabian Socialism in the New Deal-Speech by . . ,
Tlfyeltnareiet Iigoyd S hb D W E S h cantilist System which Reached
e eop e’s oney— peec y r. . . pa r - ·
Legislatilonl-B; Coegzion or Constitution- - Ital Climax Under Klng George
peec y ouett oase t 6 Thi; a I- ‘ ‘
Recovery by Statute-Speech by Dr. Neil d _ nd P cclpuiatcd
Carothers the Amer1can Revolution.
Expanding Bureaucracy
The Imperilment of Democracy-Speech by
Fitzgerald Hall
Lawmaking by Executive Order
The Test of Citizenship-Speech by Dean Carl
W. Ackerman
Today’s Lessons for Tomorrow-Speech by
Captain William H. Stayton `
New Deal Laws in Federal Courts ‘ `AERIC
Potato Control v
"Breathing Spel1s"-Speech by Jouett Shouse
The National Labor Relations Act-Summary A v; ni
of Conclusions from report of the National ·
Lawyers Committee . Qtr I yp
Consumers and the AAA Y Lz
Straws Which Tell
The Duty of the Lawyer in the Present Crisis-
Speech by James M. Beck
The Constitution and the Supreme Court- ‘
Speech by Borden Barr _
Budget Prospects ·
Dangerous Experimentation - _
The Economic Necessity in the Southern States ` .
for a Return to the Constitution-Speech by
T}ibON;go'i1(l2.]l”ISiiw.2>i¤?}yers Comm`tt f th A AL/[ERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE
1 ee o e mer- . · ·
ican Liberty League-Speech by Ethan A. National Hcadqudyteys
H. Shepley NATIONAL PRESS BUILDING
* . » WASHINGTON, D. C. ·
AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE — - ,
NATIONAL PRESS BUILDING * *
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Document No. 75 `
November, 1935
ECOHOHIIC P1&Hn1Hg*MI$t3k€H munism as well as Iiascism. Njeitheir the _Ne:v
Deal nor Fascism, owever, a ois es priva e
But Net New p]roperty_ and ltllge cipétactistic systqem astldoes
* j ommunism, a _oug o encroac upon em.
* Under Communism, which ur orts to elevate
· In this Present mentn of November, one of em` 1 the proletariat to a positionp ofp dominance but
country S greatest men Said? ` nevertheless operates under a dictatorship, there
“The very thing that caused the American Revo- is a centralization in the State of authority over
Zution is what is taking place today. The present all economic activities just as in Fascism and as
course of our Government is not new. It is history attempted in the New Deal, In passing 1t may
Tepehtthg tteett The ththge thet eleiheee tette?/"‘ be noted that the economic planning of the pres-
(l7`b’it7'Cl7’y €C07bO7'}’L'tC plG’I'l/I’l—7/I'I»Q 0/had @$66887:128 tCb2Z€8— ent, administration Closely resembles in many
helped ee eeuee at Reeelueeenettt Were, regards the five-year plans of the Soviet Gov-
Perhaps unconsciously he was repeating a con- ernment- _ _ _
clusion long ago reached by that great historical Some Wne new deene the Cs>¤S¤t¤¤¤¤ enanged
Student, John Fiske, who Said; to give frele rein to the tpllanning of alltrfluri daily
r..;;i3:. zi $;.z:;iti;’;?;2i;:; Zi”i22S’Oi’.Z’f.’§.i2$; ifieiielfi h?d"??$`$€l' b€iém%i1”€$§l€’€` of ”`i¤”t»t€
- - " " hat the framers
Of trade Tesmctwnstv oie(tIhSa(?t iigtoriiegcigcurneng fiiliidtto anticipate the
. Economic planning was no novelty to the need of modern phases of regulation considered
framers of the "Constitution. The people of the necessary by the "Brain Trust." The fact is
American colonies for more than a century had that the colonists were the victims of economic
suffered from regulation of their trade by Em- planning, and the constitutional structure erected
pire planners. The restrictions of those days, by the new nation was designed to furnish safe-
which were among the foremost causes of the guards against economic experimentation con-
Revolution, have their counterpart in present- ducted by a centralized authority. In the time
day control of industry and agriculture by a that has intervened the Constitution has proved
Federal bureaucracy. For years before the a strong and effective obstacle against complete
smoldering resentment finally broke into the control of the lives and activities of the people,
flame of the Revolutionary War there had been just as its framers intended that it should. In
a system of regulatory policies under the name the founding of our Nation the states surren-
of Mercantilism. Today in t·he United States dered to the Federal Government authority over
a similar system is called the New Deal. In only such commerce as was of an interstate or
European countries where private property is foreign character, thus guarding against control
still recognized it is known as Fascism. by a centralized authority such as that to which
King George III was the symbol of the auto- the colonists had been subject.
cratic power against which the colonies revolted. What was the situation of the colonies prior to .
The 27 grievances enumerated in the Declara- j their war for independence?
tion of Independence were directed specifically l Under economic planning as practiced by a
against him. Under New Deal laws and usurpa— centralized power in London, affecting not only
tions of authority, autocratic power to plan the l the overseas trade of the colonies but their
course of economic affairs has become centered domestic activities as well, the welfare of the
in the President of the United States who in his Empire as viewed by the dominant British
inaugural message on March 4, 1933, served , aristocrats was all that mattered. The planners
notice that he would ask "broad executive power held they were doing what was best for the Em-
to wage a war against the emergency, as great pire as a whole, regardless of injuries or injus-
as the power that would be given to me if we tices inflicted upon individuals or groups. The
were 1n_ fact invaded- by· a foreign f0e." In Italy colonists were not permitted to have anything to
Mussolini and 1n_ Germany Hitler typify autoc- say about it.
racy and a planned economic order. _ The present administration has planned simi-
In mak1ng,_ccmp_ar1sons with existing govern- larly along lines held by its "Brain Trust" to be
ments there are points of similarity between the for the best interests of the Nation as a whole.
New Deal economic planning and Soviet Com- The people have had little voice in the program
2 3
as carried out under general authority delegated her hot all nt lata tha Sabama under Whloh eoo'
unconstitutionally by the Congress to the Presi- holhle Phahhlhé ls oorrred out- Ohly tha Cohsth
dent and his 3,id€S_ hut»]OH stands In the way of COH1p1(?t·€ gOV€I`H'
The administration Which put this program mental control of industry and agriculture, of
into effect was elected upon a specific platform. J Workers aha farmers- _ ,
Not only did that platform contain no suggestion i oroo"tlhs"”·*‘The_ Amerloan oolomee were
of regimentation for either industry or agricul- dominated by the Brlrrsh Plehhers lh oohforrhll*Y
ture hut, on the contrary, it voiced a striking with highly nationalistic p0l1C1€S developed under
denunciation of such a course. It promised the Mercantilism. The maintenance of a favorable
removal or government nent fields of pnrete ·· balance of trade by England Waatba dnaf bbiaa-
enterprise and it condemned "the unsound policy hV_e· Through shoh a rheeyhs lt Was sought to
of restricting agricultural products to the de- hhlld hp rh Ehgleho dorhestlo manufacturing and
mands of domestic markets." This quotation is oorhrheroe sho tb Promote tha exporrahoh nf
taken directly from the Democratic platform of nmsheo goods- _ The regulatlons ta Whloh tha
1932 which was endorsed by the presidential can- Amerloan oolomes Warn supleeteol included re'
didate log per cent_ quirementsthat all overseas trade be carried 1n
The principle underlying the New Deal, like English ships and through English ports, that
that governing the regulation of colonial trade manuraeturmg ba so ourtalleu aa ta faraa pur'
before the Revolution, was similar to the moti- ohase nf naannfaatnrad goous rrom Ehglanoh that
vating influence of the policies of Fascist Italy. tha eolomes supply oertaln raw materlals ,to
In Fascism there is denial of the ability of the Enghsh manuraoturers and that exportatlon
majority of the people to decide What is best from the_colon1es of food and other commodities
for a nation. The welfare of the nation as deter- which mlght aamnata Wlth Brltloh proouoto ba
mined by a dictator is the prime consideration, rlgluly restrlotetr The eoonomlo planhlhg than
that or individuals of Secondary imr,crtance_ imposed upon the colonies was of an autocratic
An autocratic power is held to be desirable. Na- oharao.ter· . .
tional Socialism in Germany embodies Fascist rtottoh FoSotom·"Uhtler what lo known aa tha
principles. corporative state there are syndicates or asso-
ciations of employers and workers, organizations
· . designated as corporations but similar to NRA
Planning af Dlrrererlt Types code authorities with power over different groups
Economic planning under the New Deal, in of industries, and a national council of corpora-
nnnen regninnen of nineneen colonial trade anna laaadad by fdla Italian Prana Mlnnaa
end in present Italian Fascism nee contained which la tha nlannlna badv lar the Whale Sana-
the following chief features: ture. While pr1vate industry nominally 1S given
The New DeeZ.—Under the AAA, farming is onoouragomohtl tho powor or tha govommoht to
controlled and the industries handling farm so far-reaching that strict control 1S assured.
crops are subject to licenses, marketing agree- The FaoolSt.porty to tha gorommoot Tho oth'
ments and processing taxes. Under the NRA, olal ar ¤al¤1.ala al tha tan d<>rn1nata,*>l¤a party-
economic planning was attempted in a fashion Tho ooohomlo nlaanma to oolrrlod an m tha Way
wholly contrary to the Constitution. Although the rnlma authorltleo Wlsh lt to ba dana The
codes have been abandoned since the adverse < Brltloh Crown had the Somo lotltuoo bafara the
decision of the Supreme Court, business and in- Revolutlolr Through the rulooer”etamp ohar'
dustry are under governmental domination at aoter at reoeht Cohgrooooo the Proolooha aaaant
many points An indirect Control cvei. industry 4 as restricted by the Const1tut1on, has been given
exists through control of credit machinery. The muah the oorho powor uhoor tha New Dear
Government manages credit more completely
under the New Deal by reason of revised Fed- Three Common Features
eral Reserve and banking acts and the various i` . . .
new credit agencies. The Securities Act, the The Now l?aal» Moroohtuloho ond Fooolom
Securities Exchange Act, the Public Utility Act, have three chief characteristics 1n common, as
the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, the Bitu- lallawa
nnnene Coal na, ne Nenenei Labor neieuene 1- All tlaaa .<=¤a’¤aanlaa a laaad aaaaal af
Act, the Social Security Act and the WOi,k_R€_ our working lives and activities along lines
4 5
planned by the politicians in power. In the case g1"¥111t0€i all sorts of l01`iYii_0g00, 1n0110P0ii0S» Yigiiia
of the New Deal this is shown in the attempt to and 0X0111Pt1011S to 1¤d1V1d11aiSr g1`011P0 and Oni`-
expand the power of the Federal Government porations. In England laws were passed _fix1ng
under the commerce clause of the Constitution M16 W8»g0S of a1"¤1fi001`S, P1`0ii1bii1ng inXni`Y in aP‘
and to use power under the revenue clause for p2·1‘0i 0Hd 0111l¤0W01‘1ng tii0 government to name
purposes of regulation. New Deal policies do p U10 1011000 of P0Uii1`Y, 0i100S0» bni’§0_i‘» beef, POi"i{»
violence to our Constitution and our form of * inutton and veal. Under Mercantilism in France
government while economic control is always a 1i» Wa? S0_¤gi1i to i?>1°ing 0V6i`Y_ OOinin€i`Oiai and in"
pgrt Of Mercantilism and FaScjSm_ dustrial interest into subordination to the State.
2. In all three there is a governing class which { Mercantilism IS defined by Professor Gustav
considers itself an aristocracy of intelligence and VOII Scllmollgéf 1_H The M 67‘C¢mf®Z6 S1/$$6776 and WS
morality. The Executive branch of the Govern- H'¢$$01”i00i SiQmfiCa"iCa iiinai
ment under the New Deal has usurped the func` “Only he who thus conceives of Mercantilism will
*¤i¤¤S 0f 0<>¤sr€SS in Vi<>1¤ti¤¤ Of the 0<>¤S’¤it¤— understand it, in ne innermost kernel it is nothing
tion. Planning is in the hands of the President but S{;g,te-m&king-not Stnte-mnking in a narrow
and his staff. In Italy parliamentary authority sense, but state-making and national-economy mak-
has been weakened almost to the point of de- ‘ ing at the Same tim0; St3t0-1¤¤1ki¤§s'_i¤ i¤i10 m¤der¤
struction. The American colonies were regulated S0¤S0· Wiiicii creates Oni Oi ina POiiii°ai_°~OmmiiniiY
and taxed without the right of representation in ggegcgigggiggc°n,}‘§;i’§§Si;n‘;;id0F°f0h*`ié‘i;‘;’Sti;°ma1;*2g;;
the Government. . ‘.
3._Under dominant theories of all three the iigagginiloiiogflmilgrigff ggsgggg Ogrgjigciigge gf.
integegtso hingigldugs tire Igubolrgiinpziito ht? navigation giws; tint inf somethingffar greaiteré
W6 a 6 6 6- n 6 6W 6a S 6 i" namel , in t e tota trans ormation o society an
acteristic is typified by policies which have been its organization, as well as of the state and its
attacked in the COU.I`tS on the ground of violation institutions, in the replacing of a local and ter-
of the due process clause of the Constitution. rit01‘i0~i €g·g>¤¤mi<= policy by that 0i ti10 ¤¤¤i¤¤a1
Redistribution of wealth as proposed through Stain ···· F
New Deal tax legislation and other measures is . . . . . .
bagai On ghehpaneipie ga ggae yh¤,geVe gov- en¥f§°§£§itité$€§$re‘i°€$i€£L€ienriiei3i§2i3. i‘i‘ei€’§f3}
erymus sarerwi o ers or ewe are . . .
of the entire Nation. Under Mercantilism work- igonh Eéconomicddigelopgnintbwas gp bedfgstiiigd
ing classes were forced to live on subsistence Y t 6 mtg an (ian 0 B ac have y IS
· · direction of production and commerce was the
wages in order that English manufactured goods t th · f th t 1 t S
might be sold abroad at prices comparing favor- S.gmiiil (ming -0 F tignhi/ia goigifinmeig ' pe-
ably with those of other nations. In Italy Ci ge Vit 6 ai{“S° 6 bargain igsys eg Kefe
workers are denied the right to strike because it to as (ig fa art? angie in mgimiw tw ic in
is inimical to the welfare of the state. Private tum Wou mm 6 asm 0 ap 6 men n&Vy’ O
. . . protect domestic food production in order to be
property 1S tolerated but 1S subject to confisca— - d d t f f - d t t t
tion. In all three types of government liberties ian Gpep an -0 Orelgn pm uC€rS’ O pm ec
. . . . * . ome industries and develop new manufactures
of individuals are sharply restricted under the in Order ,00 provide employment and to acquire
pretense Of benefiting the State' ‘ and keep in the country as much money as pos-
_ _ ` sible. This was the broad outline of the eco-
Mcrcant1l1sm nomic planning of which the regulations imposed
There are many similarities between the upon Colonial trade formed Ei pam
planned economy of the New Deal and the Mer- i
cantilist system of the later Middle Ages. Mer- Beginnings of Planning
cantilism, which was in its last stages during the
period of the Revolution, broke down at the I11 i5i10 000n01ni0 piannins Oi tha Pi`6S6ni ‘iaY
beginning of the modern industrial age which U10 SYS”¤01n of 1`igid OOnii`Oi Oi ind‘~iSii`Y and agi`i'
ushered in free competition and an opportunity 0¤i@¤1`0 i1aS been applied as Part Oi a Sudden
for a development of private initie,1;ive_ change in policies. Within less than a year after
Under Mercantilism, governmentg, centering the Roosevelt administration came_-into power a
commercial efforts on building up foreign trade, iai`·i`6aOning SYSiOin Oi OOnii`Oi was in 6fiOOi· Tha
6 7
systems of planned economies in Italy, Germany ports from the colonies. All ships carrying prod-
and Russia also took shape rapidly. ucts that by law could only be sent to England
The planning to which the colonies were sub- were required to give a bond to insure com-
jected developed gradually over the years. pliance. The administration of this law, which
The British commercial policy began to assume was effective a little more than 100 years before
a form in which planning was applied to the the Declaration of Independence, was the cause
colonies with the Navigation Act of 1651, passed of much bad feeling on the part of the colonists.
by1iPa1%tament during thebasfcendaxncy of Crom-
we . is was 125 years e ore t e Declaration ‘
of Independence. The act required that all ,, The Colonml NRA
. colonial products exported to England be carried Restrictions upon manufacturing in the col-
in ships of English origin and that they be onies went hand in hand with the control of
manned by Englishmen. It was the first step in trade and commerce. The colonies had an NRA
a program in which the commercial development but like the New Deal NRA its regulations could
of the colonials was restricted for the benefit of not be enforced. If complete enforcement had
nationalism in England. The policy was been possible, the Revolution might have oc-
strengthened nine years later in the Navigation curred at a somewhat earlier date. Protection
Act of 1660. By prohibiting the direct shipment of the home market from any possible competi-
of certain commodities from the colonies to a tion of colonial products was not only demanded
foreign port it was sought to make England the but English manufacturers also wanted to con-
distributing center for certain colonial com- trol the entire colonial market. The exportation
modities. The law required that they be first of wool, yarn and woolen cloth from the colonies
landed at an English port. English manufac- was forbidden as early as 1699, and as manu-
turers were given the first opportunity to secure facturing continued to develop in the northern
raw materials and the merchants obtained han- colonies, the House of Commons in 1732 created
dling profits in case of reexportation. a commission to make an investigation. Among
Foodstuffs produced in the colonies became other things this commission reported that I
subject to restrictions in those early days, New "great quantities of hats" were being manufac-
England fish were excluded from English markets tured in New England and that some were being
after the year 1660. Later many staple products exported to the West Indies, Spain and Portugal.
— of New England and the Middle Colonies, such Tlla Engllsll nat lnal<€l`S asked fvr a law and
as wheat, corn, flour and meat, were barred. Parliament provided it. The exportation of hats
Thus there grew up an imperial AAA with re- from the colonies to a foreign country, to Eng-
strictions applicable to the colonies. The limita— land, or to another colony was forbidden. The
tions placed upon markets automatically served colonial NRA sought to limit production through
to curtail production. labor provisions just as did the New Deal NRA.
The British planners were not content to limit lien eXalnPle> the nnnlnet el applentleee was
what the colonies might produce but tried also to llnlltetl te _tWe te a lnaeter nat m·al_<¤r€¤ti¤¤
merce was taken in the Colonial Duty Act of ln tne eelenlee el,anY lnllle el` nlaenlnel`Y tn
1573_ Export dutjos Woro imposod as penalties process it was prohibited. Mills already operat-
for failure to comply with restrictions as to ex- lng Were Pellnltteel te eentlnlle> but new Ones
8 9
were classed as nuisances and their operation considered desirable as part of the planned pro- i
subjected to the penalty of a heavy iine._ gram. Thus under the Potato Act a buyer of
The methods employed were not unlike the potatoes which are not properly packaged and
production control devices made ei’fect1ve_under stamped is subject to a fine and jail sentence.
the New Deal NRA. In the cotton textile in- _The English planners adopted measures which
dustry under the NRA, for example, there were were designed to enable the British West Indies
rules to insure a curtailment of output. ‘ to sell their products at high prices.
As early as 1731 the sugar planters in the
Rural Resettlement ’ British West Indies appealed to Parliament to
The Nllw Del has ie National Rlseurges ‘ $§’fIr“£E°e rllli EI1i§(dI1iGclite(i·nthe)fAniLe§;:rdn Z`é‘i?rer2§
Bem`d» _W wh Prepares eempre enewe P we .011 from that part of the West Indies controlled by
eeenemle development? the Resettlement Ad:m}n' other nations. As these products could be
ieJd`dnen» Wmen is engeleed in th<;l’<»¤SklAl>lltSh1fll1¤ls obtained more cheaply in the French Dutch or
portions of the popu ation· t e A w IC · · · ’
among its activities takes submarginal lainds out glgglgllglgodvigietimiigwliésggslgiiglixg tlggckimggg
of cultivation; and the Tennessee Valley Author- ooo ooloolss By pressure for protection by the
nY» the R€<>1¤mae<>¤ Sewiee end ether egenelee special interests of the British West Indies the
which promote the settlement of new areas. The Molsssos Ast of 1733 was passed by the P2{I_lla_
deVelePmenti ef the eelemee ee the walzwerdr ment. This act placed prohibitive duties on the
¤¤v<>1v¤¤s emfte ¤fr><21¤¤1lms>¤»*¤*y= ¤¤lt1vC=l~*>1¤¤_ ef importation into the colonies of these products
new lends and llneelnmn enen e new m uStmeS> from foreign plantations. If this law had been
Elliellelllllhglefgnlec;lg§;dO§‘2lIl;Iégll:;;lllen Wee One ef tznforcetlll it would have destroyed the trade be-
· _ ween t e colonies and the foreign West Indies
In 1763 after the settlement of the war with · '
France the government in London undertook to mglitlelgugaslséoglogttggiygs Eggiggl l?l;sP;1tE;:
fermlllell? eng carry feel: e»Adenhn?e Pm? fer nX' tion. By the terms of this act the importation A
mg t e edn enee 0 t e meneen ee emee of rum or spirits from foreign plantations was
By the terms ¤f the Rm! Pr¤¤1am¤¤¤¤,¤f prohibited an increased duty was placed on fer-
1%.63 tene eengleeily ll:/leliween l2nett.APPe1een*en eign sugafs and the duty on molasses was re-
oun ains an e 1SS1SS1pp1 1ver was re- d - · · _
Served for ere Indians. While one purpose of elfiffé? €r‘Q?e""..'i,‘rZ 'ZE§,i.l“rl€eVi§§ri;m€€e€ €§..f§§°§r
this restriction was to prevent trouble with the tlls ooloolsts With lhs West Indies sncoum sd
Indians, it also stopped the westward expansion l Smuggling sod oootrllootsd heavily to the gl_§W_
and ,I`eetneted Settlement tdtne Geese Even fur ing protest against restrictions on the economic
trading was forbidden in this territory except by life of tho colonists
royal license. These restrictions were favorable `
to the Hudson Bay Company and the English ‘ _ _
manufacturers, but naturally aroused protests on Colorual Pl&1‘1I'11I'1g Board
the part of the colonists. In one report con- _ _
sidered by the Board of Trade in London, after Ih eelehlel dey? there Wee he_ lehg lrst of
arguments by the colonists against the continua- alphabetlcei egeheleer eeeh with its Peftleulef
tion of the policy, the statement is found: ' teek gf Plghhlhg shhere llheer heWeVeI`r fi P18·¤·
‘ "The new seacoast colonies provide a market for mn? lqard atl - in (m’ Lf are all atlillthtglty diva?
manufacture; but these (inland settlements), being Slim 53 me ’ Yue .W8‘S nown as G. .0a*r O
1,500 mllss inland, would supply no rstums to psy , ra e and_P antat1ons._ It had supervision over
for British manufactures, and would probably be led all eeenemle activities lh the e_0l0h1eS·
to manufacture for themselves, which experience In regard to lUh1S 0I`g&1”11Z3rt10I1 PI‘0f€ssO1‘
shows has constantly attended in a greater or lesser Charles A. Beard says;
degree every mlend Settlement "Until the eve of the Revolution, this Board kept
P C ntf 1 all Allmleclicanfiaffairs drawn tighgy within its drag-
I` C6 O O net, o ing ve meetings a wee during most of its
‘ . , d, ` ' d f 1 ’ , ‘ h
Under the New Deal_ drastic measures have geslgehsadlmomhlielff all Cfliiugllsaliiziiilelrlehaedi dr mailing
been taken to insure maintenance of high prices. V facturer had a complaint or suggestion to make
10 11
about the acts of any colonial authority, or about the interests of a particular body of merchants, but
methods of controlling American industry, he could the interests of any small body of British trades-
find a sympathetic hearing before the Board of men or artificers, has been found, they say, to out-
Trade." . weigh that of all the King’s subjects in the
_ _ colonies .... It is of no importance to the com-
The colonial Plannlng hoard had the sarhe mon welfare of the Empire whether a subject of
experienoe which NeW Deal regulatory ageneles , the King obtains his living by making hats on
have had in finding that one step in control leads ` this or that side of the water. Yet the batters of
to another. Half-way measures were imprac— England have prevailed to obtain an actin their
tical. There was a steady expansion of economic own fevon Yestmlnlng that manufacture ln Amen
COMTOL The tendency was toward complete . ica .... In the same manner have a few nail-
. - · · · - makers, and still smaller body of steel-makers (per-
bureautratlt mglmenhatlon Whmh m the end m- haps there are not half a dozen of these in England)
Gvlhably broke dOWn‘ , prevailed totally to forbid by an act of Parliament
When the AAA Was establlshed under the New the erecting of slitting mills, or steel furnaces in
Deal the law provided for seven “basic" agricul- America?
tural commodities. Now there are 15, one of the
latest to be added being potatoes whose control Causes of Revolution
was considered desirable because of diversion of _ _ _ _
acreage from Controlled erepe · Economic planning on behalf of. the British
Under the nret rules laid down by the colonial Ernpnoe but epphoeble to the ooloniee hed been
planning board there were seven commodities ln_ Progress for more than _a_eentnl`Y When the
that could be shipped only to English ports-- Cr1S1S developed which precipitated the Revolu-
sugar, tobacco, cotton, wool, indigo, ginger and tlon-
dye—woods. In 1704 naval stores, such as tar, The Stomp Aet of 1765 Was followed by Pl`o·
pitch, turpentine, hemp, masts and yards, were tests Wh1Ch I°€Sult»€d In 1hS I`€p€?r].. Then CHIDG
added; molasses and rice in copper ore, the Townshend ACJDS of Wh1Ch proved fall"
beaver skins and other furs in 1722; bar and pig ures ee revenue measures- The Teo Aot of 1773
iron, whale fins, hides, lumber and raw silk in Was followed by Vlolenee The neXt Year Pal"lla·
The Changes represented ar progressively €I].3iCh€d EVE SO·CH»i.l€d “1Hl]Ol€I°3rbl€ acts"
expanding restriction on trade that the colonies Whloh closed the Port of Boston to oonlrneroer
might have developed with foreign nations. The revoked the tharter of the Maseeehneette
addition of articles to the enumerated list went ColonY»_Prohlhlted_toWn meetings, e»nth01‘1Zed_the
on until 1776 when it covered practically all oluarterlng of eoldlore ln toWns» made Poeslhle
products were eXporf,ed_ U.I1d€I` C€I`hB»II1 C1I`Cl1DYlSl`i3.HC€S hh€ lJI`3rHSf€I` of EC-
cused persons to England for trial and extended
FI_ankHn,S Comments gishheiagiygeries of the province of Quebec to the
The economic planning which was applied to 17TéleinlgiliiggaglogogstlgdggGliadimqcl Jurly gh
the colonies was ostensibly in the interest of the tin ’Off Om. trad;) with 85 zsrtsagrsgllon (ig;
mother country. Just as has been true under In gthis historic document EV I, 3 Gdwgr th
the New Deal the program frequently helped a liberties denied under arbitr 6 G Bman 9 t 6
special interest with strong political influence. _ my govemmen ‘
Among those who protested against the eco- ·
nomic planning of which the colonies were vic- Plannlng and the New heel
tllns Was Beniornin Franklln Who saldi There is nothing essentially new about eco-
“They (the colonists) reflected how lightly the i horhle Plahhlhg The Plahhers under the New
interests of all America had been estimated here Deal have mcre gcverrimerltal machinery through
(England), when the interests of a few of the in- which to carry Out their program. They have
t§?l§i'iZ§Sie`I£p$E$?$e$?§ hi—i}§i“rit tLei3`Zim“£"’ ‘§}°h" mhhhy hfhhhh Thhy hhvh hm hhhhmth
ican people was forbidden the advantage of a direct doueicgglglainznthfgpoigzt ggtiqthey ilm trhirlng to
importation of wine, oil, and fruit from Portugal t · d t d ii; t · Y ear mr p miners
. . . merely that a few Portuguese merchants in me · O 0’ name y’ O gmde and Control €OO'
Londonniay gain a commission on those goods ncmlc laws'. . .
_ passing through their hands ____ But not only Mercantilism in the later Middle Ages repre-
12 13
l
. . . against the rule of an autocratic government
gems Qnly (me Of many expemmemls m p1°*m1mg‘ which sought to control economic activities. The
1¤r¤¤<=1¤¤*¤ Cnrne rneneged, eeenennee ie beck t0 framers of the Constitution were wise enough to
8 very early dere- The Cnlneee In the lftn Cen' ‘ devise an instrument under which it would be
wry Sought tO HX end mamtaln pmces at difficult again to exercise such far-reaching
SubSr9·nl¥rnHY an nnenenglng level Whleh was pre' power. The limitations in the Constitution were
Sumed te represent eqlnley fer been the Pmdueer » intended to insure the maintenance of democratic
and the ?°nSume1i‘ Chmn had 9* public Works principles. Through attempted control of eco-
Pr0gr¤m in line brnldrng ef the Green Well- The nomic activities under the New Deal these prin-
people of ancient Sparta were regimented. The Ciples are being €nd&ng€r€d_
Roman Empire was a victim of planned ‘ -
economy. Its experiences with planning, reached
thei