xt7wwp9t2q46_90 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61.dao.xml American Liberty League 37 linear feet archival material English University of Kentucky This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed. Permission must be received for subsequent distribution in print or electronically. Physical rights are retained by the owning repository. Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. For information about permissions to reproduce or publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center. Jouett Shouse Collection (American Liberty League Pamphlets), No. 93 "The Redistribution of Power" Speech of John W. Davis before the New York State Bar Association, January 24, 1936 text No. 93 "The Redistribution of Power" Speech of John W. Davis before the New York State Bar Association, January 24, 1936 2013 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7wwp9t2q46/data/59m61/59m61_93/Am_Lib_Leag_93_001/Am_Lib_Leag_93_001.pdf section false xt7wwp9t2q46_90 xt7wwp9t2q46 E ,,
AN INVITATION TO JOIN THE ,
AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE g * *
We extend to every American citizen who believes in g ° °
the fundamental principles which gave birth to the E `QR
Constitution of the United States an invitation to be- E
come a member of the American Liberty League. Q
You may indicate your acceptance of this invitation E `
by filling in the necessary information as to your name Q
and address on the enrollment blank below and mailing § _
it to American Liberty League, National Press Building, E i. V
_Washington, D. C. V E a * * *
There are no fees or dues. If you are willing and E
able to give monetary help for the League's support g
your contribution will be appreciated, as our activities Q
are supported entirely by the voluntary gifts of our §
members' é A _ Speech of
ENRoLLM1:NT BLANK Q JOHN W- DAVIS A
§ Member of the National Executive
Dam--———————————— Q Committee of the American
E Liberty League
I favor the principles and purposes of the American 2 V
Liberty League and request that I he enrolled as a E * before the
mgu1a¥ _ member. E i‘ New York State Bar Association,
*contr1but1ng g * New York City
_ E January 24, 1936
Signature __ g
Name (Mr. Mrs. Miss) A E V;
in y ..~€ ’¢
-----8 ———-——-··——~——-——` -—-————-—~———————————-—-·' I g A Y 4/L
*·• treet 5 ;·"§
' ‘“ s I ·: ···
ag g ‘ cio ci
2 2 Y •'P)~Y La?
QI ";‘*"""""""""" "";""";`*""’;·_""t‘·····•**"-‘ ; J
_ Town E .—
g r
County State Q ‘
*As a contributing member I desire to give $ é V AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE
to help support the activities of the League: Cash here- § National Headquarters
g NATIONAL PRESS BUILDING
with Installments as follows: E WASHINGTON, D_ C_
s é - T Document No. 93
_ g , . t 5· has A _ g W, A A
i_ The Redistribution of Power
ir
THERE is a popular impression that lawyers
are men of strife and thrive upon contention.
` “Y0u and I know”——to borrow an idiom from
an exalted source—that nothing could be fur-
; ther from the truth. We are pre-eminently
j friends and lovers of peace, even when we have
I to Hght for it. While we worship liberty, we
also admire order and rely upon the power of
established rules and principles to maintain and
preserve them both. From this serene and de-
tached height we look down on the dissensions I
of mankind, intervening now and then only to
compose their differences.
It is startling to men so tranquilly disposed to
find that the battle has suddenly surged in their
W direction and that, instead of being mere on-
HEN you have finished with this lookers, they are not only surrounded by the
pamphlet please pass it on to Some fray, but are in the very thick of it. Yet this
friend or acquaintance who might be I has happened. Weapons are waving around us;
hoarse cries are resound1ng; neo-barbarians are
interested, calling his attention to the pressing in on every side. In such a posture of
membership blank on page 24_ affairs nothing is left for us peace-loving lawyers
i but to seek safety in {iight or join in the en-
i counter, giving and taking blows in our turn.
2 Craven or combatant-there is no other choice.
E This is where we find ourselves. If my figure of
speech needs interpretation, it may be taken to
signify a deep conviction that the contentious
problems of this day and hour make a greater
demand upon the wisdom, self-sacrifice, and
; courage of the American Bar than any others
` A that have arisen in the life of any man here
li present. No more compelling call has come to
ig any generation of American lawyers.
2
THE problems to which I refer have to do
with the scope and definition of those powers
? which any government may rightfully exercise
over its citizens and, so far as America is con-
cerned, with the distribution or redistribution
of those powers among the departments of our
l
i .
l
government and between the States and nation duty of the Legisiatiye slid Executive branches
under our federal system. These are not ques- to accePt their ruling-
tions for lawyers alone, but they lie within our
accustomed field. On such matters we are pre- IT WOULD be Wasted time to undertake a
sunied ts be cemPetent to form and eXPl`ess an demonstration of these propositions to a gather-
eplnleni and if the Bar fails new te glve tc the ing of American lawyers, or of informed Amer-
ceuntry the guidance lt is e‘lulPPed te lurnlsh¤ ican laymen for that matter. To do so would
‘ it will justly forfeit its chief claim to public “ be too mueh like exnounding to a bodv of
resPect and cenlldence· { mathematicians the accuracy of the multiplica-
Perhaps We are te blame for net tcl-`eseelng · tion table. It is not easy to see, therefore, why
this abrupt shift of the battle in our direction. anvone familiar with our nlan of government
It may be that in eur easY'gelng waY We hall should have been surprised or disappointed or
taken things too much for granted. We believed irritated when the Supreme Court, in passing
that certain things had settled into the minds upon reoent laws, laid its course bv the Consti_
and hearts of the American PeePle tee firmly tutional landmarks that have guided the Re-
fst anY gust et Passlen te tllsle‘lge· The baslc public since its voyage first began. ln honor
Preliesltlens on which cur whcle scheme ct and conscience it could not do otherwise.
government and law is built seemed so thor- For l think We ean agree_<p1<= and must <>h¤¤s<= with their ¤h=¤¤s¤¤s
6 7
lives; that the Constitution itself is not an iron af all kiada Wharayar osrriod on• Ono of tha
framework, fixed and immutable, but a plan of r Proposod smonomonrsv aiiarad by Sonaror
government subject to alteration by the popular `Cosngan (S·J·Ros· 3) ¤ goos aa to Provrdo that In
will that gave it birth. But when it is indicted i oxororsmg thaaa Powors Congross Shall ba fraa
. . . . . S · ee
for 1tS supposed 1nsuffic1enc1es, the b1ll of par- 5 from any af tha raqalramaata of duo Prooossn
tionjars is extremely vague. when new patent embodied 1n the F1fth and Fourteenth Amend-
medicine is offered, the patient is entitled at i moms- Thats ls oanso to Wondort In Passmge
least to have the formula printed on the outside Whathar somo af tha loglslsnon af thaaa last
of the bottle a Q three years was not enacted in the belief that
perhaps We Should not take too seriously such an amendment was already on the books.
those trial balloons which were sent up in the I V
last Congress in the form of resolutions propos- THE magnitude gf the task guggggtgd nggd not
ing C011St1U1ti0113] 6111611d111611tS· 0116 of tl16S6» be enlarged upon, for it beggars all description.
h¤w<=yar» atnkaa my fancy by na a11-1¤<>1¤a1ya- Throughout o continental otoo stretching from
Boss- It ia H·J·R6s· slot aifarad by Mr- Kouor the pine trees to the palms, over industries as
¤fIUm<>1a» to tha aiiaat that Q diverse as lumbering in Maine and mining in
"The Congress shall have power to make all laws Arizona, dross-making in New York and pork-
which in its judgment shall be necessary to provide packing in Chicago, in every occupation
for the swam] welfare of the p°°pl€" whereby men serve their fellows and earn their
This is disarming by its very simplicity. All livelihood, one will and that the will of the
that is needed to render it complete is to add at _ Congress and its creatures, is to reign supreme,
judicial clause following the lines of the law unchecked it may even be by any constitu-
promulgated by the German Government last tional guarantees! And yet some of our hot
SUIIIIIICY &ClII1OI1iSl1€S tll6 C0l1I‘tB that Wl181‘B l ygfgrmgrg gan be Satigjgd with ngthing 143,55,
affaaaaa ara not puaiahabla lmdar tha Panal What is put forward to justify such o drastic
C0d6» th6Y Shall ba Pumshfid W11611 th6Y daaarya t experiment in vivisection on the living body of
at "a<><><>rdms ta tha aadarlyms ldaa af a paaal t out oot1ooo1 life? We sto admonished that
U I • ` · '
code or accordmg to healthy public senument. t mgdgrn lifg is very complex; that the com-
W1th courts and Congress so furn1shed, const1tu- rneroe of the country has become a Msearnless
tional questions would become of no further . Webvr and that, Since transportation has im.
conscquonco j proved, communication has grown easier,
W1th°ut Sncndmg ams Ou the farm af °th°r j knowledge of nature and the world around us
Pr°P°SalS’ Comldor far a_m°m°m Somc of the ‘ has advanced, trade between the States, along
subjects which men ln l11gh`Pla66S» aa W611 aa 1 with these things and by reason of them, has
gugof §hCm’ Sack to put Wlthm tam mach Oilrhli t finally grown so great that the rule of freedom
F Bra dP°W°r"a dP°W°r* by t ° fi-_’;‘1Y’ W lid e which govo birth to tho Constitution must now
aways a vanccs an Fever rctrcam cy wou give way to the reign of regulation. The Federal
g1VB to Congress or 1tS creatures, by an amend- 2 . .
_ , ‘ Government, It 1S urged, must control the eco-
ment to the Const1tut1on, power to regulate ¤ . . . .
. . . . nomic l1fe of the nation henceforth, as 1t does
(which 1n this connection means to control) f . .
. . ¥ the rivers from the mounta1ns to the sea.
the hours, wages, and conditions of all labor, the 3 . . .
. . i The statement itself 1S a tr1bute, perhaps un-
terms of 1tS employment and discharge, pro- r , . .
. . . . mtended, to the beneiicence of the Const1tut1on
dl1Ct1011—·3ll product1on, 1ndustry—all industry, . . .
. . as lt has been and 18. The preservation of free-
bus1ness—all business, and trade and commerce
9
8
dom in commerce between the States was one those which it is now proposed to confer upon
of the cardinal objects of the Constitution, if l our own. There is nothing in their example
not its primary concern. It has been under to tempt us to throw away those checks and
this freedom and by very reason of it that the 1 balances, those limitations on authority, that
l trade and traffic of the country, without em- jealousy of power, that scrupulous regard for
bargoes, without quotas, without restricted pro- the individual, which we have so long boasted
duction, without price-fixing, and without arti- i to the world as our unique contribution to the
ficial restraint, has grown to its present splendid — science of free government.
e proportions. Unless the very success of the ex-
periment condemns 1t, why should the system NOR is the argument helped in any Way by
that fostered all this be no longer trusted to pre- dcmagogic appeals to passion Wicked men
I O 9 O I O O ` · 9
serveh1t.1 Anddlf the pl1YSi;3a1 agleneleadlgnlon it je Said, have abused the freedom they have
man is iarnc to EIEP Gln ave C Znge if 8; It f enjoyed. The statement is undoubtedly true.
never 6 Orgottcn t at t 6 man lmsc as I know of no eriod in which such thin s have
h edb tl'ttl H h rd ll adefr P g
gang] u 1 c' 6 as g a ua Y m d 0 not occurred. But the remedy is to be found
llmse f better lools, but hehrespond; to ay tg in aridding thc earth of the badle by Specific
t B going u?1Pu_ScS’ nurses t B Same Opcs an laws, directed to known evils and enforced by
l ambitions, 1S stirred by the same fears and pas- a 1,0 riate Sanetienn The evil eenduet ef
. . . . PP P
s1ons, as when history first began. Political Some furnishes ne Warrant {ei. Putting gyvee
science 1S not a thing of machines or statistics, and ferrets en thc guilty and innocent alike
but of human bonavlor and tno nvoo of mon• and locking them all in an “immense and artifi-
EVeI`Y s¤V¤r¤m¤¤t¤1 PonoY must be tasted Pri" cial organization of society.” And if the indict-
marily by its effect upon the character, virtues, ment Steps with e genera] eherge of mere in.
and oeVeloPment of tne human beings Subject competency on the part of business leaders, the
to it. cure offered promises to be far worse than the
disease.
SURELY the idea that nothing can go well I have said—and I repeat—most of the eco-
nnleee government hee e hand in it is one of nomic illness of the modern world 1S directly
the most insane delusions that has ever vexed traceable to gevelbmenn It was tne feny of
the mind ef inen_ AS e merrei. ef daily ebSei._ , governments, for mstance, that brought on the
vation, the things that go best are precisely 4 World War' It was tn? folly of govolmmcms
these with which government nee leestie de_ that forced ·the economic clauses of the peace.
I believe that it can be demonstrated to a * - It was and 1S_tnc folly osgovclfnmcnts that fo}
mathematical certainty that the distress tor- 1°W€d th; mlhlillry coflfhct Iwull lim Ccgnolllluc
menting the whole round world today is due i Wéfam t Et St1_ pcfslstslf m1%V; gz mit F;
more to the folly of governments than to any bl? Ol; czeustmit Ic Su ject' cb gb wu
and an other causes combined. Why must the r thcsc in lcaps? itc Iatost Suprcmi wlii °m
. . . · n s
American government be equipped w1th new L t C Par 0 pmva C C1 1ZcnS’ gina a ma ’
. r could have averted the depression, I gravely
and greater powers 1n order to enlarge upon .
. . . i doubt. In any event, the creat1on of a great
the blunders 1nto which 1t and others have . .
9 . . i and cancerous bureaucracy 1S no substitute for
fallen. It 1S not persuasive to argue that other 1 . . . . . .
. _ . private judgment and 1n1t1at1ve nor a cure for
national governments—not all, God be praised! ‘ . .
h d _ _ _ _1 _ 1tS mistakes.
.... n ~ .
ave a are cxermsmg powers Simi ar to Those who convince themselves and hope to
10
11
convince others of the superior wisdom and nation and it will become something worse. than
virtue of government oiiicials suffer, it seems an occas1onal rubber stamp. It w1ll s1nk—
to me, from a curious form of sun-blindness indeed, it 18 v1s1bly s1nk1ng——-to the level of the
that has afflicted man throughout the ages when Parlement of Paris, devoting itself to register-
gazing on his rulers. Always he has been able 1ng the edicts of the k1ng. Burdened w1th the
to delude himself into thinking of the govern- discharge of more duties than lt can surmount,
ing power as a great and mysterious divinity it will continuously wash 1tS hands of them in
behind the veil. Under theocracies his super- the bureaucratic stream.- lt can do no less. And
stition led him to believe in the oracles deliv- its mtnmnce en tne tntnnate tettn and eetelle
ered to his ruling priests. From such super. of the law of the country, asoit issues in tins
stition was born thc doctrinc of the divinc rules and regulations of executive bureaus, wi
right of kings and a belief in the power of the be nttte were than tnanet tne Ptiesgnt Congress
monarch to heal by the laying on at his hands. ef the devlete {he Re1<=h?esé> _<;·m;¤Y» er
We are witnessing today the spread throughout the ttananf ?erhaHT;?t‘ kacch Wn C
the world of a similar superstition which leads terminee 0 _1;m];°°SS1 e meds t e enegglei ed {S
men to see in Government, the State, or Society, mcmi ers gt 6 moml an mmg if Se;] B I?
. . - r s
a myster1ous and benevolent something above Sccmimg t mr Own IB 8 CC me an ’ Or C C ’
. . obeying the orders they receive.
and beyond the imperfect and erring mortals
who act in its name. There can be no sound
thinking on the subject until we tear away the LOOK around you and see how fast bureau-
mask and see behind these names only fallible cracy grows in a system to which it has fastened
men who for a longer or a shorter time, with itself. Already I read that the housing accom-
greeter oi- lggg right, with less oi- more of wie. modation of Washington is exhausted and some
dom, havg power to impggg their Wi]] upon governmental divisions must be translated to
i- the satellite villa e of Baltimore—a “rural
t IC 1 e owmen. g
resettlement,” as it were. While each fresh
.. .. b f tt' htt °tl.t ‘t
I SPEAK, and the adjectives are not or1g1nal,· urcam Orgc me W a , mnslcll num 0mS.1 S f
members are at best, cries out in 1tS blooming
of a great and cancerous bureaucracy. That cmtism ,,0111 ive us more Owcr and WC Win
such a bureaucracy has followed every increase ° ° Y g . P
_ , _ __ pour out such a blessing as there shall not be
of federal power history plainly tells. There 1S li . ,, ,. . ,, .
_ _ _ i room to receive. The blessing when lt comes
no slightest hope that Congress, invested with ' 11 h b k { h
l' b der `urisdiction will exercise its new I usua Y proves to ave cen ta cn mm t C
t Us me J _ ’ _ _ · _ 1 do unforgotten pocket of the forgotten taxpayer.
found power for itself. Anyone familiar with If . h h. . . h f
W hin ton can testif that the number nd Bxpcmcncc mac GS anyt mg, It IS t at O
ae gf · _ Y d C a all methods of government, bureaucracy is the
Viulmty 0 quelitaone pmseme to Ongmss are least responsible, the least intelligent, and the
a med? OVCYW 8 mmg' Ne mam however able most arrogant and tyrannical. "However faulty
or diligent, can grasp more than a small per- a legislative chamber may bean Said Cavomo aan
<=e¤t¤se of the Wh°le‘ It Wee Sd tWentY'nVe ante-chamber is worst.” lt is the nature of
Yew? ses; It IS doubly ee t°deY• Every new bureaucracies that responsibility is widely dif-
addition to federal functions has lessened the fnscd, dccision is anonymous, and action pain-
nttentten that Congress can EWG te It 0* te anY‘ fully slow. Questions, passed from desk to desk,
tnmg e1ee• Lead Cengtees Wttn Sole t`eSP0nS1' are tardily disposed of or left to rot in bureau-
bility fdr the labels 1¤d¤S¤‘Y» end trade df the crane ana until nina has nauavaa the official
12 13
from the unpleasant necessity of decision. Mat- party servant who has now entered into his
ters are decided on grounds not always removed reward.
from personal i and political considerations. For ours is a government by parties, as is
Once the halting, blundermg hand of the every democracy, and as such it has its obvious
· bureaucrat has settled down on an industry or weaknesses, atoned for, we hope, by greater
a country, a creeping pa1‘alyS1S sets lll that b6· benefits. As Lord Bryce puts it, “No government
tokens the end of growth or even of life itself. . demands so much from the citizen as democracy
and none gives so much back.” But the very
I BEC, veu to heheve thet in Saying all this existence of these weaknesses, of which the
I level no personal reproach at any of the able P ’SP°i1S SYSt€m is amfmg thi? greatest, Warns us
and deveted men whe now, as always ih the against a “fatal confidence in the men of our
past, are willing to enter the official service of clmiccn OY imPO$i¤g 0¤ 0u1° g0V€1`HH1€Ht tasks
the hetiee with due ehewehee tel. degrees ef that governments by nature are wholly unfitted
worth and merit, it may be assumed that by to PcI`f°1`m·
and large they are fully equal in point of worth
and intelligence to the mass of their country-I BUREAUCRACY is a name of evil import.
men. I regret to say that I cannot believe that Regulation is a term behind which every form
mere induction into oiiice gives men superior of tyranny, great and small, can hide itself. Yet
strength and wisdom or a sudden knowledge of there are collateral evils in this program of
the things which other men have spent their greater menace still. One of the most vigorous
lives to learn. Miracles of that sort do not academic advocates of constitutional reform
occur. And if the actions of these officers are opines that the whole national government
not biased by a hope of personal gain, it is needs “to be reshaped to get aworking machine
equally true that their judgment is not cooled that can respond to group needs without giving
and sobered by the fear of personal loss. More- way to purely interested pressures by the more
over, the mistakes made by men in private life highly organized among them!” Here is roman-
are limited in their power to harm; while the ticism at its best! Here is a truly millennial
errors of those in office spread their disastrous aspiration!
effect as far as the wide range of their authority. The idea that men will tamely submit their
Again without making any personal allusions, 6 daily lives and occupations, their economic wel-
there is room, is there not, for a lingering sus- fare and their individual hopes and ambitions
picion that mere party politics plays an occa- `* to the control of other men without struggling
sional part in the selection of bureaucratic per- __} to capture the seats of decision for themselves
sonnel? The irreverent say that such things ` is a lotus-eater’s dream. If Congress is to have
have actually occurred. It is an impressive mo- power either by its own actions or through its
ment, no doubt, for the humble citizen when delegates to fix the hours and wages of labor,
he gets a summons to appear before the Chief will that end the matter? Will employer and
f of the Division of Circumlocution in the Indus- employee thereafter lie down in perpetual peace
trial Evolution Administration. But he must together? What assurance have those labor
learn to hide his surprise when he finds behind leaders who seem to favor such a plan as a step
the desk assigned to that potentate his erstwhile toward shorter hours and higher wages, what
neighbor, Hiram Hokum—T—a man not mueh re- assurance have they that the advocates of longer
puted 1n his home for wisdom, but a faithful hours and lower wages may not some day leap
14 15
tf i
» lnto the sauule? Are they wlhlng te surrender centralization this seems perhaps no disadvan-
the bargaining power that has been won after so tage_ Indeed, when they think, ag net infre.
manv Years ef Palntul eltort tor the mere quently they do, of themselves as the persons
ehehee ei eateries thie er that eieetieh? Ami to be snugly gamma in me comfortable 01-races
lt Congress et tts huteeue are te nx wages they seek to create, such universal adulation
throughout the oontlnentt Wlll lt he a unltorm must seem not undesirable. But when the States
rate for all the trades and all the sections? And K are reduced to mere administrative provinces,
if nott how long will one seetlon et one Worker : it is unlikely they can long survive, even with
he eontent if lt aPPears¤ ee a result ef govern' i the mapmakers. Their life-blood will be
mental action, that other men in other places drained away and the revenues neeeeearv for
are getting more monev fer the same hours ot their maintenance will be steadily siphoned off,
toil? Will skilled and unskilled, organized and as indeed they are heing einhened etf tgdaya
unorganized labor fare alike? And if not, which inte the natiena] treasury. Surely there ie
will have the uPPer hanue er ie a mere eount f something deeply humiliating in the present
ot noses te name the ethiter hetween them? spectacle of a steady procession of mendicant
When the Prouuetlon ot Potatoes ln Maine Governors, Mayors, Boards of Trade, and pri-
and Florida, of coal in Pennsylvania and Ala- Vate Pilgrims marehing en Washington, iike
bama, and of textiles in Massachusetts and beggars with their tin eerie, ter a Share of Fed,.
Georgia, is submitted to a common control in era] alms. De they realize, I wender, that the
Wasnlngtone who agaln ie so tatuous ee te he" largesse they seek can come from one or other
heve that even"hanueu justleee Peaeev anu har' of two sources and two sources only? It must
monv Wlll result? If l have seleetetl fer mv come either from taxes that men have toiled
illustration States that commonly give their elec- and labored to Pay er {rem the proceeds ef
toral votes to different candidates, the choice ljorrowings that mertgage the future net enly
is not wholly inadvertent. The more favors and ei themselves, hut et the ehildren who wil]
advantages government has to bestow, the fiercer eeme after them.
must IJCCOIHC the strife to POSSCSS and out every- eye turned teward Washington
ot thie PerPetual Wartare ef man agalnst mane » and every hand outstretched for what Wash-
elass agaln elassv lnuustrv agalnst lnuustrvv see" ington has to give, our federal system will soon
tl0I]. against S€CtiOD., all StI`lVZlI]g to iHHu€HCC tlIC ‘ lose all Vigelx time eelnes, there
3gCI]Ci€S of government for their $81HSh (1CSlI‘BB, Inust eventuete a union torn apart the elash
there must oome leglslatlve hloesv etsehized loh‘ of group and sectional interests, or a despotism
hiee» Pressure Polltlos» end the ultlm·'ste.degra' —under what name it matters not————strong
dation and pollution of our whole political life. enengh to maintain enr eentinenta] unity by
We have such evils in our midst today. In God’s r ieree; and net by force en]v’ hut by that Snr,.
¤eme» Whv aggravate them hy hroauenlng the pression of freedom of opinion, of speech, and ‘
nelu ln whleh they oan oPel`ate? of action to which every dictatorship instinc-
tively resorts. “What,” asked Jefferson, "has
IT IS in the nature of things that every increase i destroYed the hhertY and the rlghts ef man ln
in the powers and functions of the Federal Gov- t 6V€1‘Y g0V€1’¤m€I1t that has 6V€1’ existed 1111d€1'
ernment must lessen the interest of the citizen the sun?” And he answers, “The generalizing
in the government of his State. The sunflowers and concentrating of all cares into one body.”
always turn toward the sun. To advocates of Some of our high-flying gentry seem to find
16 17
a
2 (mc hundred and fifty ycars °f American asking that so much shall be taken from the
t expetieaee aa umruStW°1`thY guide' But Eve one and transferred to the other. They wish
thousand