xt7x959c727g https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7x959c727g/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1939 journals 021 English Lexington. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Regulatory series, bulletin. n.21 text Regulatory series, bulletin. n.21 1939 2014 true xt7x959c727g section xt7x959c727g ` Regulatory Series, Bulletin N0. 21 July, 1939
— V Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station ,
University of Kentucky Q
COMMERCIAL FEEDS IN KENTUCKY IN 1938 · t
By J. D. TURNER, H. D. SPEARS, W. G. TERRELL
` and J. J. ROSE ?
CONTENTS `
n0me-gl·0wu reeds .,.......................... 2 Talgle   tégerage composition 13 . ~
. ,, . .· o eesus_ ............................   V....
i L`}€aif§`tI.°i‘Zll.t??]t..?i...Y?TT??Elil 2 Twill;-nueggggegeQiiggggggggy 16 .
Feeds Suspected of poisoning Corn   _irrr _ _______i_____irr_r _>_; rrr_rr   17
stock ——--~ — rr——»—r··rr———»—~r·——~—-—---*#»--··r»---··- 4 Table 5. Analyses of com .......... 19
Mineral feeds ...............................,.... 5 Barley malt sprouts and
Table 1, Substances used in bY·D1`0dU€tS Vrrr--rrrr- - -----~rrrrrrrrrrrrr~---- 20
mineral mixtures ________________________ 7 Table G. Analyses of barley `
common Salt __iV_____V________i_r_________________ 9 Dégagggngouts and by-moducts. gg ,
SYSWW of tflggmg Vrr—--rrrrr—r—Y _ —r—r»——rrr- 1 0 Table 7, Analyses 0f dog feeds 22
Table 2. Miscellaneous Summary of results of inspection
analyses ............................................ 12 and analysis, 1938 .................   25
The work under the feed law in 1938 was very satisfactory.
· At no time since the service was established has it been more in
demand tha11 during this period. The manufacturers have i
» shown a line spirit of cooperation and feeds sold in the State
are generally of a high standard. Feeders are better informed
?lb0llT feeds and feeding, and are looking to this Departlllellii
’ tor help and guidance more than ever before. Frequently feed-
ers and manufacturers come to the department together to
discuss questions of mutual interest.
During thc year, 1538 samples ot feeds were analyzed
chemically and microscopieally and the results sent direct, to T
those concerned. Of this number, 1176 were otticial samples col—
lected bv the inspectors for check analysis against manufac-
turers’ guaranties. The remaining 362 samples were analyzed
for investigational work ol? the (l(‘])2II'ill'l€lll`, for other depart-
ments ot the Station, cooperative projects and for feeders and .
j dealers. The results of analyses ot the official samples show that
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E l 2 Kentucky Agricultzerul Earpezdmcnt Station
the feeds sold in Kentucky are of a high standard and generally . Ft
1 _ up to guaranties of the manufacturers. _ il
HOME-GROWN FEEDS V 1,;
_ The amount of commercial feeds manufactured in Kentucky   is
is comparatively small in relation to the amount consumed in ` C;
t the State. It is estimated that 65 percent or more of the mixed tc
l feeds consumed are imported and 35 percent or less are made in   jy
. Q i 4 the State. Also, the amount of home-grown mate1·ials that enter * m
i into manufactured feeds in Kentucky is small. Not only is this y \i
  true, but much grain and hay are imported. The tendency now  _ 1-(
T is to grow more and better feed crops, as is shown by the   at
increased interest of Kentucky farmers and feeders. U
. The Department is continually being called upon to analyze tl
feed materials such as grains and hays grown on Kentucky '[
farms, to help the growers and feeders to improve these feed V iq
materials. Often these analyses are desired for comparison with V H
, similar materials grown in other states. Requests for analyses _ ll
; of legumes and grasses are constantly being made, The results 3 ly
of analyses of such samples, including some of the mineral con- .
stituents, will be published later in a bulletin. A v
Race horse feeders are particularly interested in getting the _ U
· best oats obtainable for their horses. They are constantly seek-  y N
ing information on kind a11d quality of oats they are buying, :15 . s
‘ to weight, soundness, cleanness and freedom from mold or 2nlY ° 1
condition that would impair their value as a feed. Inquiries are S
frequent also as to the value of hybrid corn as a feed, and a V (
numbe1· of requests for analyses have been made. Complaints T
_ are made more against its hardness and injurious effect on the j l
mouth and teeth than its nutritive value. However, the hard-
ness may alfect the digestibility to some extent because of laeli 1
of proper mastieation and slower action of the juices of the  y {
stomach on the hard particles of the corn. The average analysis (
of the hybrid corn was about the same as that of ordinary corn. . s
LOW FAT CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FEEDS i
V The fat content was found to he low in an unusually larua ~ I
S number ol? feed materials and special-purpose mixed feeds. tllh · i

  _ Commercial Feeds in Kentucky in 1938 3
mh. p year. Investigation reveals that the main reason for this deii-  
L ciency is the treatment given the raw materials, by manufac- Q
l  l turers, to obtain products rich in fat, for other uses. Often the Q
‘¤ reason for the deficiency is laid to seasonal conditions but this  
Mk! _i  is not true in most cases. In the wheat by—product feeds, the  
cl ill  i cause was traced mostly to the practice of degerming the wheat  
liX€f the  -, are below standard in both protein and fat and like other
i1l}`$1$ ; dCQ€l`lll€(l feeds are not only poor feeds but are U11[)€ll€tiL2ll)lC Hllfl
corn.   stock do not relish them.
 t Hominy feed is another product that has been running
1,,,.g.. ,.  below Standard in both protein and fat, altho most of the l1OH1l11y .
S_ this _¤ feed @0111iHg into the State in straight form is of high quality.
I
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i I 4 Kentucky Agricultural E;l7])G}'l·lll(’72lf Station `
The low—grade hominy feed is generally used by mixers in their CQ
‘ _ cheap and competitive feeds and their poor quality is retieetetl Oy
I in the results of the analyses of these feeds, especially in the _ P,
fat content. » ca
Soybean oil meal has been found to be a good protein sup- _  al
I plement feed material. However, the solvent soybean oil meal  ’
{ is very low in fat content, dry in texture and when it forms an i
I appreciable part of a feed ration, the fat content is often found . cl
" I T ‘ below that necessary in feeds for the best production of animals . A
` and poultry.  _ A
I Feeds containing appreciable amounts of wheat products I ill
made of degermed wheat, poor quality hominy feed or hi
by-products of degermed corn, solvent soybean oil meal and . W
‘ similar products, especially when fillers are a part of the mix- Si
ture, are usually low in fat and vitamins, and unbalanced, Such i 9i
feeds are not only uneconomical in production but impair the ·
reproduction of animals and poultry as well. * I,
' w
l FEEDS SUSPECTED OF POISONING STOCK A
During the year forty samples of various kinds of fcetl qq
suspected of poisoning stock were sent to the department for H
examination. Seldom was anything told about attendant C0ll· ·. sl
I ditions. The usual statement was merely that the feed was fol  I sg
to some kind of livestock which later became ill or died, so that , g1
it was necessary to get more information before the problem a
could be treated intelligently. IIundreds of such samples liaw il
been submitted to the department in the past few years.
In all forty eases the feed was in good condition, sonntl. ‘
free from off-odors and usually of good quality. In no instance
V did the chemical tests reveal any poison. The percentages of , 0
salt and other ingredients met the guaranties. Many of the I,
samples were fed to chicks or rats as the sole diet. All experi- ` y
mcntal animals receiving the feeds were in normal, hcal1h}' S
condition at the end of the feeding period of seven days. 1 1
In all cases of suspected poison, the feed was subjected to  = s
. microseopical analysis and often to chemical tests for speeiliv .. f'
{ poisons. This requires care and considerable time, as legal p1‘O· , r
` i l

 V Commercial Feeds in Kentucky in 1938 S 5
their l eedure is usually anticipated if poison is found. Rarely have we t
l€€t€' _ such as salt and ground limestone. Most natural feeds contain
;. the necessary minerals, especially the minor ones. but if the
zctedbte g soil is deficient in minerals, vegetation. grown on it. including
SDQCIUC · f°0fl plants. may likewise be deficient. Such deficiencies can ‘
gal pro-  , usually be supplied in mineral supplements.
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·  

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T l . 6 Ifentucky Agricultural ,E.L7[)(3I'Ii’IILC7Lli »S't11SI11I1 Technical Name
I . ·‘ ! I
Olllll  · Aniseed I Seed of the anise I Aromatic, carminative
I __ — Ashes: hardwood I I
11I) Qs. ashes I Same. Cé1lciu1n] carbonateI
_ ¤ and oxi e, ant potassium .
~ dud   I carbonate IAl1t2lClCl,C8lClUIl1 nutrient * ‘
 7 Bone ash I Same. 'Pricalcium plmsphate! Calcium nutrient
Bone meal, steamed I Same. Tricalcium phosphateI
I _ . I and mtrogenous organicl
JUOIIII I matter I Calcium nutrient
_ Bone black; animal I
I i€0(IS _ (‘l12Il`CO£I.l Same. 'Priealcium phosphate I
g I and carbon I Absorbent
\\‘0l'lll gIood rpotl I Sanguinaria I Irritating, enwtic
» ue V1 r` ;
1‘0111t‘- (__'3I[I§‘S{0:1(; Igopper sulfate IX‘rita11§, elinetic, poison
_`. ere a eium car wonate I ntacit , ca ('llllll nutrient
FOP (;.&II$lCl1111; red pgppgrI Dried fruit of capsicum I .~\l‘0I`I1Htl<‘, SLOl11&1.<‘l1iC
 A (;lll\"lUl11 carbonate I Same I ,j\l1tEl('lfl,(‘2llClUl11 nutrient `
by the iillle molasses I Cane syrup I S\\'€€·t.€‘l1lll§»Z` agent,
. ‘ _ I nutrient I
§]SS11llll I`IIIlPI\\'H}i seed I Same I ;\l`Oll'l&\[l<'
, ( ’g·oa : wood or I I
)(m;IIi·_ ‘ill`ll}Tl2`l.l I Same I Absorlient
1 - Clnle saltpeter I Sodium nitrate I Diuretie, 1·t~i`1·i;.:erant,
G C2l`· · _ I poison
_ L_OlIl)€¢l`2lSZ iron sulfateI Ferrous sulfate I Tonic, :1strin;:‘ent
Illlfvl'. Copper sulfate Cupric sulfate Ilrritant, astringent,
.  , ' ernetic, poison
3I]]11ll\‘. . D€‘NT1‘oSe I Rgiined corn swrar I Sweetening agent, I
» , ’ D I nutrient
 L ]'4l*F0|l1 salt I Magnesiunm sulfate I _
, I (crystallized) I Cathartiu, laxaiive
UT, M0 —_ ljvllugreelc seed I Sgune I Aroxnativ I
Ifmlilll I Yellow gentian root I Bitter tonic _
(I()Z(>II , IIIUETQY _ I Same I Stiinulant, arouiatic
hlauliers gait I sodium slulfage I U t I t_
,' .. . _ . tcrysta izet ) Ca mr i<·, :1xa we
IIIUIIN . ('III<'<>S€ I Corn syrup I S\\’@€·(9I\i11}i 2l¥`l‘|lY·
: l ‘ I nutrient
  IIII IYOI1 oxide I ]·`grri(· oxide I \\`€i`&k l¤>Ili<‘
`INIHIII » "'IIZ<“ll Salt I Salt and potassium iodide I Iodine, l'l1l<1l‘illt’ and
‘ K ’   sodiuin nutrients
  IIIp · Ifillil ` Seaweed I (`ontains iodiiie _
I ‘ ; ]’I°I“"("? I l4l(‘Ol`l('€ root I Adjuvant, \'¤ll`l`L*l'll\'l* I
.ImII¤ ‘I.m°SmIl€‘ I (`al<·ium carboiiate I Antaeid, <‘2ll4'llll1l lllllI`it’llt
HIL l·III$€+€·y, O.
X\'l1ite Rook salt ..  .. ....,. , ..., I Same') I H I 0.023 ]
‘ Ulno River salt (Kentucky Brand) ISzLlt IProdueers (Sales C0., I 0.022}
I )OI]ll:1`(1y, , 'I
Iiagxle Evzn»0r:1ted salt ........._...... . ,, I l'ni0n Salt <"o., I None (
I Cleveland, O. I I
I
SYSTEM OF TAGGING I I
*
, The Kentucky system of labelin¤·· feeds has been in use 1 I
t - D
sinee the enactment of the feed law and has proved its worth to I
feeders by the sniall percentage of yellow-tag feeds now cou- I I
sinned in Kentucky. The use of the yellow tag on iiller feeds , (
inay not be entirely responsible for the reduction of sales of _
this elass of feeds but it has played an iniportant part in ii.
I A nirehaser who buys feeds illi'Clll*"(’llll\' must read and he  I
I . Y` ¤
<»·uided bv the infornnation <¤·iven on the State ta<·‘. Too often the
P ¤ C 2*
)ll1.'l‘ll&lS(‘1' overloolis the Si2ll(‘lll€lllS on the lia·>‘ and buys a low- `
?` ·
prieed feed, with the inevitable result that he gels a eheap.
. t1·ashy feed of little feed value. Sueh praetiee is false GC()ll0ll1>'· I
ln reality, he ways more for the food or nutritioiial, wart than ii
., l .
he bought a good, clean feed at a higher price. The ])epart1nent
is trying to impress upon feeders the iniportanee of reading- and  
stndvin¤· the information uiven on the oliieial ta¤· when selertiu!
feeds, This cannot be overeniphasized.
llf eourse it is the feeder ’s privilege to buy eheap, ll`?lSlly
f(‘(‘(lS; Sll<‘ll ll12llCl'lillS IHHY l)•3 \\'Ol’i`ll S()1l1€l`lllllg {IS 1'(>ll§i'll2`lQ€*. lllll
I  
2 * S<—r\‘i<·•· und Regxulntory Anna»un<.·¤-inent No, 12}, I', S, l·`ood nnd l‘l"l¥
I .—\(`illlllllSll'1Ill0`ll, \\'nshin:ton, D. I`.
· l

 (i0)}LIIl0}'(5l((l Foods in Kczzf/uc/ty in 1938 ll
up · usually he has materials just as good going to waste on his l
dd _ farm. ’
md To mark more conspicuously certain important differences Q y
in the character of feeds, thereby making easier the under-  
_ standing and the selection by the purchaser, the Department  
» issues tags according to a three-color scheme as follows; 3
{Q = A manila tag prinlctl in black ini.: designates a feed made I
”— 2  from 01163 grain or plant; that is; a "straight" feed. Examples: z
i wheat bran; wheat mixed feed; hominy feed; cottonseed meal. i
A. manila lag printed in reel ml.: designates a feed made ‘
i ’ from the products or byproducts of two or more grains or
l plants or animal by-products; that is; a "straight" mixed feed. .
 · Examples: wheat bran and corn bran; hominy feed, wheat bran _
V and eottonseed meal; corn, oats and alfalfa meal. The tag
5 · plainly tells what the materials are.
"‘  . A yellow tag printed [ia black ihzle designates a feed con- _ .
taining more than 3 percent of a material of little or no nut1·i-
mc ` tive value. Such are usually known as "yellow tag" or "adul-
I to t<‘rated" feeds. Examples; oat hulls; eottonseed hulls; screen-
my ings and screenings refuse or waste; or other similar materials
MIS   containing an excessive percentage of fiber.
; of i
l be . g
the i
low-
eap, V
nlll}`. V V
n if ’ `
uent J
and 4
ting   ‘
ashy
but I
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