xt7z348gj36r https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7z348gj36r/data/mets.xml University of Kentucky Fayette County, Kentucky The Kentucky Kernel 19641030  newspapers sn89058402 English  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. The Kentucky Kernel The Kentucky Kernel, October 30, 1964 text The Kentucky Kernel, October 30, 1964 1964 2015 true xt7z348gj36r section xt7z348gj36r Dr. Oswald Checks On Practice,
Decides Sessions Not Too 'Intense
University President John V. Oswald, in a
statement released late yesterday, reprimanded
Coach Charlie Bradshaw for holding practice under
a "cloud of secrecy," but absolved him of conducting sessions that were "unusual or unduly in
tense."
Mr. Bradshaw had barred the press from practice Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday.
Dr. Oswald said that he called Bernie Shively,
director of athletics, Bradsh'aw and the team
physicians after seeing an article which appeared
in the Kernel Wednesday.
The Kernel reported four players injured
during the practice session termed "the roughest
of the year." It was subsequently learned that
junior guard Ed Stanko was injured and would
probably be lost to the squad as a result of the

Directories
Ready For
Distribution

9

Steve Beshear, Student Congress president, announded that
the Student Directories are ready

He said, "It is most unfortunate for the
University and its athletic program that the situation in question occurred under a cloud of secrecy
which subjected the happenings to an interpretation
which the doctors, team, and staff state did not

for

occur."

In addition to the barring of the press, Dr.
Oswald also called attention to several statements
concerning what needed to be done in the football
program.
Following the loss to Ceorgia last Saturday,
Bradshaw appeared on a weekly television show
and accused team members of being "selfish" and
"egotistical." He also said that all but "four or
five of the players were "phonies."

S

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DR. JOHN OSWALD

A

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CHARLIE BRADSHAW

Correction

UK Greeks
yC

Vol. LVI, No. 34

TTTN

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KY., FRIDAY,

OCT.

30, 1904

Eight Pages

UK Students Give Johnson
2
Margin Over Goldwater

Goldwater.
President Johnson's largest

3--

Kentucky Kernel poll, conducted during the past two days,
shows President Johnson to be
preferred over Senator Coldwater
on campus by a margin of approximately
Among all students
eligible to vote or not the results were:
President Johnson: 557
Senator Coldwater: 327c
Undecided: 9
Refused to say: 47c
When the count includes only
those who list a preference and
state they are eligible to vote
and have either voted by absentee ballot or plan to vote Tuesday, the margin is:
A

3--

President Johnson: 63
Senator Goldwater: 377,
The poll, carried out by members of the Kernel staff, involved
a sample of the student body selected through standard techni-

ques for random sampling.
Respondents in the sample
were also asked to state what
sues of the campaign. It was

possible for each person to name
more than one issue.
Among Johnson supporters,
the major issues mentioned were
Civil rights (mentioned by
30),
foreign policy (22), and more
specifically, control of nuclear
weapons (17).
Among Goldwater supporters,
the most frequently mentioned
issues were civil rights (31) and
morality in government (23).
Only seven per cent of the
Coldwater supporters mentioned
control of nuclear arms as a major issue and only eight per cent
of Johnson supporters mentioned
morality in government.
One of the unresolved questions was which was the undecided vote would go. If one
assumes from the above statements that mention of the control of nuclear weapons as an
issue would indicate that a person was leaning toward Johnson,
they thought were the major
mention of morality in

Cold-wate-

r,

two candidates.
Kentucky students who had
made a choice and were willing
to state it, gave President Johnson 62 per cent of their vote to
per cent for Senator

r
victory was by 23 votes.
has a victory margin of
12 votes in one fraternity, five
votes in two of the groups and
three in the fourth.
Most of the fraternities and
sororities said several members
were undecided and did not vote.
Cold-wate-

government would indicate that
he was leaning toward
the "undecided" and "refused to say" categories would
split about evenly between the

38

four University Creek
organizations voting in mock
elections Wednesday night favored President Lyndon B. Johnson
for election as President of the
United States.
Mr. Johnson received a total
of 3S0 votes compared to 299
for his opponent, Sen. Barry
All

University of Kentucky
LEXINGTON,

The Wednesday Kernel contained an error in quoting Sen.
Hubert Humphrey, Democratic
candidate for vice president.
The correct statement is as fol-

Favor LB J,
Poll Shows
but

TXTvJrTT TT

Cold-wate-

campus. Begun in 1932, Company C, First Regiment, has
grown to where it is now an
integral part of the University
life.
Prior to 1958, the unit was
the largest student organization
on campus, boasting a membership of over 200 men. A brief
period of decline set in and the
enrollment
dropped considerably. This year, however, a recruiting drive is on and the
unit now numbers 56 men.
The National Society of Pershing Rifles was established on
the campus of the University of
Nebraska. The founder was a
young lieutenant who was l iter
to win fame as General John
"Blackjack" Pershing.
The purpose of the original
unit was to provide a crack drill
team to use as an example in
training ROTC cadets. The organization has increased in size

to where it now includes units
on 148 college campuses and a
total membership of over 9,000
men. This makes the Pershing
Rifles the largest military honorary society in the country.

The organization of the unit

here on campus is along strictly
military lines. The program is
open to ROTC Basic Corps Cadets. This includes freshmen and
sophomores. It is operated by
students in the Advanced Corps
and is somewhat similiar to a
unit in the Army.
company-sizeCompany C participates in
the Little Kentucky Derby and
various other campus wide activities. They are more famous,
however, for the function that
they sponsor themselves.
Lath fall they host the Coronation Ball which is open to
all members of the student body.
At this dance they announce their
sponsor for the coming year. The
gill, selected from representatives of the various women's
residence halls and sororities, is
d

then crowned Queen of the Ball.
Several other functions such
as smokers, teas, and jam sessions are also held by the Per-

shing Rifles. A recent Jam session drew a crowd of better than
400 people.
Company C represents the
University at various parades,
such as the Lexington Fire Prevention Parade, the Daniel
Boone Festival at Barbourville,

and the Governor's Inaugural
Parade in Frankfort.
Participation in drill meets
has become second nature to the
members of Company C. So has
winning them. The UK unit has
taken 15 out of 23 major drill
meets. Each spring the 17 schools
in the First Regiment meet on
one of the campuses for competi-

tion in all phases of drill.
Winning this carries as much
prestige as winning the SFC
drill in tit. Other colleges in the
First Regiment include Kastern
State Teachers College, We st Virginia University, Ohio State Uni

"The task of statesmanship
to preserve the peace without the sacrifice of freedom."
is

Student Congress
Announcements

The meeting of the Student
Registration Improvement Committee will meet 2 p.m. Sunday
in Room 111 of the Student Center.
All groups wanting to be included in the Student Congress
budget must submit their requests to Lois Kock, Blazer Hall,
by Tuesday.
.

Termed Colorful
Wednesday night's performance of "Ireland on Parade" was
one of the most colorful ever presented by the Concert and Lecture Series.
Dancing girls, marchingboys,
a

female

Blue Marlins
All Blue Marlins andGuppies
should attend a meeting at 7:15
Tuesday at the Memorial Coli-

seum pool. Cuppies will swin at

6:30 p.m. ami Marlins at 7:30 p.m.

UK Pershing Rifles Mark 32nd Year

The University chapter of the
National Society of Pershing Rifles marks its 32nd year on the

lows:

'Ireland On Parade9

r.

Out of state students showed
an overwhelming preference for
President Johnson, giving him
a margin of 82 to 187c. However
the total included in this portion of the sample is too small
to be considered reliable.
The sample was drawn from
a list of students through use
of a table of random numbers.
Students selected were interviewed by telephone or in person. They were also asked a number of questions about other issues, including their opinion on
various proposals for the University calendar.

Boxes will be delivered to each
of the resident halls and the sorority houses by the Student
Congress. Fred Strache will handle the distribution to the fraternity houses.
Town students may pick up
their Directory anytime next week
from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. in the
Student Center.

Any administrative offices or
departments that would like student directories are asked to contact the Student Congress and
indicate the number wanted.
After next week, the remaining Student Directories will be
put on sale at both bookstores.
Members of the Student Congress Committee in charge of the
Student Directories are Rich Bobbins, chairman, Suzane Ziegler
and Mary Frances Wright.

Dr. Oswald said, "The concern each one of
us feels at any injury, however understandably
incurred, merits investigation of the circumstances,
and this I have done.

scrimmage Monday.
Dr. Oswald said that he was assured, based
upon the report of the team doctors, that the activities and injuries were not unusual or unduly in"Based upon the medical reports, upon
tense for a scrimmage session.
w hich I must depend, I can now be fully
reassuring
A delegation of football players representing to our loyal and interested public
concerning what
the team also called upon the president and said happened.
that the reports of the injury and the nature of the
"However, I would like to say, that I am
practice were "blown all out of proportion." taking all steps necessary to see that the set of
The University president cited several con- events which has caused understandable concern
does not develop again."
tributing factors to the situation.

distribution.

and the University of
Dayton.
Outside of
competition, Company C represents UK at some of the largest
drill meets in thecountry.Twoof
the more important ones are the
Illinois Invitational Drill Meet
and the Cherry Blossom Festiversity,

inter-regime-

val.

The Confederate Squad of
Company C presently holds the
rotating trophy for winning the
Civil War drill competition and
mock battle with the Union
Squad from Ohio State University. This is a coloiful meet dating back to 1937, the same year
both squads were formed.

The Pershing Rifle companies
come on the field dressed in Civil
War attire. This competition is
unique in that the units drill
according to regulations dating
back to lS(i0 and light their
mock battle following actual
Civil War battle plans.

and the Dublin police
band combined with singers to

corps,
stage

a slice of light side of
for the Colisieum audi-

Irish life
ence.

A high point in the program
was a tribute to the Irish blood
of former President John Kennedy and to his love for Irish
music.
The more than 100 singers,
dancers, and musicians of the
company presented some fifty
examples of their rich musical
heritage during the evening's program.
The Tara Boys Band was made
up of a accordian players accompanied by snare and bass drums.
Led by a lad who also sang with
one of the soloists, the youths
executed intricate marching maneuvers, both alone and in combination with the Irish Police
Band, The Band of the Carda
Siochanal. Several of the Tara
d
Boys also doubled in a
reel with the Kerry Dancers.
These dancing girls performed
several times, accompanied alternately and in combination by
the Police Band, the Tara Boys
Band and the O'Connell Girls
two-han-

Hpers.
Featured singer was Irish tenor Patrick O'l lagan, who led
the Police Band, Chorus and
audience in a moving rendition
of the old standard, "When dish
Lyes are Smiling."

blue eyed Mary
Sheridan sang "Danny Roy" in
a clear soprano and bass William
Mc Mahon did "W hiskey, You're
the Devil," in tiibute to the
of Frin, liisli whiskey.
d

* THE KENTUCKY

2

KERNEL,

Ocl. 30,

I"r!ilay,

190--

World News In Brief-

-

West Germans Regret
French Loan To Reds
by then, a special panel of medical specialists
By THE ASSOCIATED TRESS
should give the government their opinion whether
BONN, Germany The West German government said today it is sorry France is giving Segni can resume his duties. He was partly paralong-tercredits to the Soviet Union.
lyzed by a stroke Aug. 7.
Karl Cuenther von Hase, Chancellor Ludwig
If he couldn't, a joint session of Parliament
Erhard's press chief, told newsmen: "The West would have to elect a new president.
German government regrets the granting of these
SPANISH KIDNAP PLOT
credits, as it regrets the previous British granting
ON TRUJILLO JR. FOILED
of credit."
MADRID, Spain Spanish police have foiled
France has agreed to give the Soviet up to a plot to kidnap Rafael Trujillo Jr., son of the
seven years to pay for purchases. Britain has assassinated Dominican dictator, reliable sources
offered even longer credit. Von Hase said France reported today. Official confirmation was not availis the first country in the European Common
able.
Market to break the line against giv ingCommunist
The sources said two employes in the Domin-icatio- n
governments more than five years to pay.
Embassy in Madrid were involved in the
West Germany, he added, is not going to plot. They said they have been, or would be, exrev iew its position because it condisers this kind of pelled.
credit "an immeasurable help to the Sov iet Union."
Rafael, his mother and his sister, Angelita,
have lived in Spain since they fled from the
REPLACEMENT OF STRICKEN
Dominican Republic.
ITALIAN PRESIDENT DEMANDED
The Dominican government several months
ROME The Communist party demanded
Thursday night that Italy's stricken President An- ago requested extradition of Rafael, his brother-in-laand several former officials of the Trujillo
tonio Signi say by Dec. 7 whether he should be
regime. They were accused of murdering the assasreplaced as chief of state.
A Communist
motion in the Chamber of sins of the elder Rafael L. Trujillo. The Spanish
Deputies said that ifSegni does not give the answer government is not expected to grant extradition.
OPEN

Voluntary Enrollment
Cuts ROTC Number
ROTC training has begun it
second year as an eleetiveeourse
at UK. A year ago, participation
in the Basic Program had been
mandatory for almost all men.
One of the first effects of the
c hange was the
drop in the number of students. In September of
1962, the Army had 834 men in
their Basic and Advanced sections. That same year, the Air
Force enrolled 700. The following year, after the change, the
Army had 3(1 men while the Air
Force had 478.
Col. James Alcorn, USA, has
noted that the drop in the number of personnel has been compensated for by the quality of the
men now entering the program.
Col. Richard Boys, USAF, feels
that the students presently in
ROTC training are more highly
motivated towards a career in
the Armed Forces. This has paid
off in a greater number of candidates projected for commission

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thr He ore! in lcJOO, and the Idea in
Futili-.lir1'JOH.
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continuously
k.rrni'1 mice 1915.
fuhlished at the University of Kenfoul lintel em h
tucky's Lexington camiu
week during the kchool yettr r eit during holiday and ruin period. 1'ublnhid
weekly during the kuiumer term.
Student
'I he Kernel is Kovrrurcl by
Hoard. Prof. Paul Obertt.
Publication
College of I.mw, ihaumau; and Stenheii
Palmer, kenior law ntudeiit, Secretary.
l.ntired at the ot olhie at Lexington, Kentucky at kecond clatl matter
under the act of March 3, 1S7U.
HATES
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* THE KENTUCKY

KERNEL,

Friday, Oct.

Beauty Methods Ancient History

By CHEANEY RINGO
Kvriu I So it i Writer

From the time of Creation the
feminine sex has been tryingevery
conceivable concoction of cosmetic's to improve on Nature's gifts.
found the
Archaeologist's
chambers of Egyptian tombs filled with alabaster and ivory jars
of ointments and aromatics, still
fragrant after 3,000 years. Scents
of thyme, origanum, myrrh,
spikenard, and valerian
were preserved in oils of the coconut, olive, almond, and sesame
seed.
To relieve dry skin problems,
they bathed often and liberally
applied perfumed oils and unguents. One queen's personal
toiltre contained razors in gold
and copper, an ivory comb, and
a piece of pumice stone.
Kohl, a substance containing
galena derived from lead, and
antimony sulphide, enhanced
the eyelids, lashes, and brows.
Creen paint was worn under the
eyes and crude paints colored the
face.
The Hebrews took the Egyptian beauty secrets with them in
their exodus. The Bible refers to
soap, though not like our soap
today. It was used for washing,
being a form of potash or ful-

ler's earth.
The Old Testament refers to
the Ishmaelites and camel caravans coming from Cilead, bearing spicery and balm and myrrh
in 1729 B.C. Perfumes and camp-hirwhich botanists believe was
henna, are mentioned in the Song

e,

CONTACT

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damaging to the hair, and necessitated the wearing of a wig.
The royalty of the Renais

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FRATERNITY -S- ORORITY
JEWELRY FOR

penalty of the law. . .and that
marriage. . .shall be null and
void." And so read a Kill introduced in Parliament in 1770.
Until the early part of this
century, most cosmetics were
homemade. Hoping for a "Gibson girl" complexion,
grandmother stirred up a batch of
fresh strawberries with touches
of gum tragacanth and violet
powder, and left this lovely concoction on overnight.
Today every cosmetic imaginable is developed through research. Currently the "natural
look" is the vogue, but there is
just as much use of cosmetics as
before. Today's natural beauty
d
applies her paints with a
touch. Only the effect is different.

OFFICER GUARD
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JEWELER

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Dance to the rocking music of
Doc Strange and the Lovers.
Also Ernie Donnell's Band will
play from 9 p.m.-- l a.m.

S.

The College Store

135 W. Short St.
3
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S

CASINO OF JOYLAND

and

MONFRIED

4

sance Period also cultivated a
liking for perfumes and cosmetics. King Charles VIII appointed a court perfumer.
Catherine de Medici appointed a Florentine perfumer named
Rene as her concocter of perfumes
and poisons. She is said to have
used his talents w hen she wished
to get rid of her enemies. Jeanne
d'Albret, mother of Henry IV,
was supposedly poisoned in some
strange way by wearing a pair
of perfumed gloves given her by
Catherine de Medici.
Even the guillotine brought
out the vanity of paint, powder,
and perfume. Madame du Monaco applied rouge and a heady
fragrance as she rode to her death.
Queen Elizabeth of England
used patches, cut from small
pieces of "Court plaster", an
adhesive spread on black silk,
to hide a flaw in her complexion.
A queen of Hungary, Elizabeth, was the first to add alcohol
to perfume. This Hungary Water
so preserved her beauty that at
the age of 72, the King of Poland proposed to her.
Our Puritan ancestors frowned on cosmetics, so until the
king's men came to Williamsburg
with their powdered wigs, perfumes, sachets, and pomades,
the paleface look was in.
"That all women. . .whether
virgins, maids, or widows, that
shall. . .impose upon, seduce and
betray into matrimony, any of
the Majesty's subjects by the
scents, paints, cosmetic washes,
artificial teeth. . .shall incur the

Will Dunn Drug
Lime and Maxwell

LENSES
Special Consideration for
lege Students, Instructors,
Personnel.

of Solomoni dated about 1,000
B.C. The leaves ofcamphire were
used for dyeing fingernails, hair,
and the soles of the feet.
The Mohammedans went wild
over the exotic odor of musk. This
animal perfume is derived from
the perputial follicles of the musk
deer.
Jasmine and rose water refreshed the Persians. It was the
custom to welcome a guest with
a sprinkling of rose water and
when it was time to leave his garments were perfumed with more
rose water that is, if he needed
a gentle hint.
Following closely the beauty
ritual of the Eqyptian women,
Grecian beauties used kohl to
darken their eyes and white lead
to powder their faces. Poederos,
was used to color the
a root-dy- e
cheeks and lips.
Hair dyeing was popular with
men as well as women. The Romans, who cared nothing for the
arts of vanity until they conquered Greece, were crazy about
blonde hair.
Naturally dark hair was
changed to a fair color by being
washed frequently in "Mattiac
balls". These balls were made
of goat's fat and a wood-ascontaining bleaching properties.
Those aging matrons, who
wished to cover their "gray
streaks", used a dye made from
leeches soaked in vinegar sixty
days. Many hair dyes were

14--

.50.

ESHLANADt

ZIP 40507

9t

t lKCOKPOKATtU

HXlNCiTON,

KY.

PH.

234.1341

* Martin Luthur King's War
named will have started on.
When Time
never in

But
Magazine
the Rev. Martin Luther King its the saga of the Civil Rights RevoluMan of the Year a few months ago, tion has violence been the end; and
they noteil that whether or not never has it even proved to be
you believe in his cause, you can worthwhile means.
not help but admire the man.
For all the publicity given to
Fortunately for the cause of violence, and for all the ugly incicivil rights, a great many people do
dents that have occurred and still
both. His audience is worldwide,
occur, it is due to the miracle of
for his movement is being closely
Dr. King that there has been no
watched across the globe. As a
more violence. Although his Southsymbol of the Civil Rights Revoluern Christian Leadership Confertion, he has gained the respect ence is the smallest of the five maof so many people beyond our
civil rights action groups, he is
borders that he has been awarded jor
still unquestionably the leader of
the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.
the entire movement.
Yet Martin Luther King is a
If there is one spokesman to
man at war. He is fighting the only
articulate the pains and the hopes
kind of battle that has ever been
of the Negro in America today, it
justifiable in our world against is he. If one voice has called for
hatred, oppression, injustice and
and cooperation, it
discrimination.
His forces arm understanding
is his.
raththemselves with
er than guns, but they enter the
The Nobel Peace Prize is trathe buses and swimrestaurants,
ditionally reserved for those who
the employers' offices actively participate in international
ming pools,
and schools with the knowledge efforts of good will. In 1964 the
that it is war life and death, one judges have offered it to a man who
is seeking peace in his own neighway of living facing another.
The war is mostly peaceful, but borhood. We salute their decision.
-- The Daily Cardinal
not always. When violence comes,
there is no guarantee which side it
University of Wisconsin

mmmmr

--

non-violen-

The Kentucky Kernel

wwi if

Free College Training?
of Labor W. Willard

Secretary
Wirtz and Sen. Joseph S. Clark
recently urged the extension of public education beyond the high school
as a key answer to youth unemployment problems.
They advocated expansion of
free public education at a national
symposium sponsored by the National Committee on the Employment of Youth.
In recognition of the need for
specialized training beyond high
school, free public education should
include at least vocational schools,
technical schools, junior or community colleges, and the first two
years of college so that up to 14
years of education and training is
available at public expense, Sen.
Clark said.
Mr. Wirtz added that "the
surest single step that could be
taken toward full employment, with
the least strain on democratic capitalism's basic tenets, would be to
provide more years of really free
education to the boys and girls in
this country who want and would
use

it."

Roth Sen. Clark and Mr. Wirtz
agreed that not all students should
continue their education beyond
high school, however. For those
students whose education would
terminate with high school, Sen.

Clark urged "substantial occupational training at the secondary
level," featuring "combination
tional-academic
y
courses or
programs."
Both speakers agreed that high
school college preparatory courses
should be given separately from a
vocational high school.
This system in Great Britain
has worked effectively for many
years. During the secondary education level, students can choose
among vocational courses or they
can take college or higher education
preparatory courses. Then, at the
end of "high school" students
as draftsmen, bank tellers,
secretaries, etc.
Mr. Wirtz and Sen. Clark also
agreed that more free education
would also "result in an expansion
of the education industry which
would create hundreds of thousands
of additional jobs for building
voca-

work-stud-

tradesmen,
storekeepers
Ph. D.'s alike."

and

Whether or not the taxpayers
are ready to support free education
beyond the high school level is one
question, but surely all would agree
that facilities and programs for
technical training need to be improved.
-- The Daily LassO
Texas Women's University

The Kentucky Kernel
FRIDAY, OCT. 30, 1(JM

William Chant,

Editor-in-Chi-

David Hawpe, Executive Editor

Walteh Chant,

Assistant

Cay Cish, Social Editor

Gary IIawiuwohth, Matutging Editor
Kenneth Cheen, News Editor
to tlie Executive Editor
IIenhy Rosenthal, Sport Editor
Sam Abell, Chief Photographer
Sally Athearn, Women $ Feature Editor
Business Staff

John T. Dauchaday, Circulation Manager
Editorial Page Staff
Frank II. Bailey, Thomas Behsot, Ahthuh IIendehson, Claudia Jeekhey, Robert Staib,
James Svaha; Sid Webb, Cartoonist

I'ace Waikeh, Advertising Manager

Friday Newt Staff

I.ii Ward, Editor

Frances Wricht,

To the editor

of the Kernel:
Now that the mass of the student body no longer derives ecstasy
from the glories of the football team,
perhaps now is the time a suggestion
should be made concerning the University's athletic policies.
First, the question should be
raised as to what role athletics
should play in a Univ ersity's functioning. While I may be disregarding certain elements of campus
opinion, it would seem athletics'
only justification for existence lies
in their recreational value. By no
stretch of the imagination can it be
said that they are representative
of the student body or that they
serve to further the ultimate goals
of the University. This is not meant
to discredit this recreational value.
If the majority of the students derive satisfaction, as they seem to,
from identification with "their"
team, it is certainly their privilige.

their money.
The question might be raised
as to w hether such a measure would
not logically necessitate complete
dissolution of the Activity fee. That
is, why shouldn't the other activities supported by it, the Kernel,
concert-lectur- e
series, etc., be
on a v oluntary subscription
placed
basis also, thereby creating numerous difficulties.
Before answering the question,
a distinction should be made as to

the natures of these various activities. It is my contention that such
institutions as the Kernel and
Series can legitimately
be said to further the educational
goals of the University, hence they
should receive the University's
sanction and the support of the
student body as a whole. But athletics cannot make this claim of
furthering the academic ideals. Why
then should support of the athletic
institution be forced upon the entire
student body, as if they had no right
to choose their own form of recreation.
Concert--

Lecture

The suggestion I offer is simply
this: Since athletics exist solely for
their recreational value, why is it
th