xt7z348gjj4r https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7z348gjj4r/data/mets.xml Kentucky. Department of Education. Kentucky Kentucky. Department of Education. 1951-09 bulletins English Frankford, Ky. : Dept. of Education This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.) Education -- Kentucky Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "Kentucky Source Materials and the State Constitution", vol. XIX, no. 7, September 1951 text volumes: illustrations 23-28 cm. call numbers 17-ED83 2 and L152 .B35. Educational Bulletin (Frankfort, Ky.), "Kentucky Source Materials and the State Constitution", vol. XIX, no. 7, September 1951 1951 1951-09 2022 true xt7z348gjj4r section xt7z348gjj4r Commonwealth of Kentucky EDUBATIGIIM BULLETIN KENTUCKY SOURCE MATERIALS AND THE STATE CONSTITUTION Published by DEPARTMENT a F EDUCATION BOSWELL B. HODGKJN Superintendent of Public Instruction I. ISSUED MONTHLY Entered as second-class matter March 21, 1933, at the post office at Frankfort, Kentucky, under the Act of August 24, 1912. Vol. XIX SEPTEMBER, I951 No. 7 S L M R F. T A M E C R U 0 5 VI K C U T N F. K THE STATE CONSTITUTION d 4% p a C e t a t S w e N G A L F E T A r]. S Y K C m N E K h t 0 T t d 6 .1]. fl 6 l .b m 0 7 L 7 .0 H 7 L 1 .0 h 0 b n U «\A; 33m dT M0 hN gm mm wfl Md 0% dd nL aH mm USN C 6T hm [of .640, nw kw? fk 0h IA. M d n a l w 0 d a m g . n Ml]. u n S )8 y k c u t n e K ——LEIGH GORDON GILTNER. BOSWELL B. HODGKIN Superintendent of Public Instruction : :33 ‘ , FOREWORD fe‘“ r’ In in: E: This educational bulletin on Kentucky Source Materials and for e £3 the State Constitution is to serve as a sourcebook for the Kentucky thou; E = schools. It was prepared by members of the State Department of betW . ; Education appointed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 30h“ .1 f The bulletin contains materials 011 several phases of Kentucky .' . E E life. A copy of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky dew is included. Various sidelights of interest were added. For the {SW6} 1 ‘ . E convenience of those who are interested in a further study of Ken- 1s a( j ‘ tucky a rather lengthy bibliography has been listed. The bibli- . 00m] ography includes an exceptionally good list of materials on Ken— at a tucky. The State Department of Education has had a good man.V pert requests for copies of the Constitution of Kentucky and other in- 0011: formation similar to that incorporated in this bulletin: It is hoped Ken that these materials will serve the Kentucky schools in a valuable , com way. how amo BOSWELL B. HODGKIN Superintendent of Public Instruction : and ;ueky nt of ition. ucky ucky ' the Ken- )ibli- Ken- my r in- )ped able tion INTRODUCTION Kentucky source materials exist in abundance; yet only a very few of them are actually available to teachers and pupils for use. In many instances the available materials are in an unsuitable form for effective school use. This small compilation of such materials, though exceedingly meager and limited, may help to bridge the gap between the existing materials and those now available for use in the schools. In the preparation of this bulletin, it appeared to be more desirable to use the suitable materials already available. From several sources they were selected. The major part of the bulletin is adapted materials and direct quotations. On the part of the compilers considerable effort was made to keep personal statements at a minimum. , This bulletin contains materials on a variety of items that Pertain to Kentucky and Kentuckians. An unabridged copy of the Constitution of Kentucky has been included. An excellent list of Kentucky publications and other materials have been added. The compilers recognize the many limitations of the bulletin. We hope, however, that the materials are valuable enough to warrant a place among the other materials of instruction for school use. E. B. WHALIN, Director Division of Health Education ISHMAEL TRIPLETT, Director Division of Free Textbooks 355 . L11. 1 ‘ L’Efi‘ .3? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Department of Education wishes to express appreciation for the use of the materials included in the educational bulletin Kentucky Source Materials and the State Constitution. Grateful acknowledgment is extended to the authors and publishers for the quotations and adaptations from the following publications: Exploring the South; The Earth and Its Resources; The World Book Encyclopedia; Kentucky Resources; Our South: Its Resources and Their Use; Minerals Yearbook; History of Europe in Our Times; Geography and History of Kentucky; Kindkead’s History of Ken- tucky; Chronology of State’s History; Compton’s Pictured Ency- clopedia; Spring Time, Derby Time, and Travel Time in Kentucky; Historic Kentucky Highways; U. S. Bureau of Census; The Nations at Work; Blueprint for a Greater Kentucky; the Office of Secretary of State of Kentucky; Mr. Frank K. Kavanaugh, the publisher of the 1950 Kentucky Directory; Mr. Mark Godman; Mr. Harry Towles; and others who assisted in the preparation of this bulletin. DUPLICATIONS AND VARIATIONS In the compilation of the bulletin materials some duplications have occurred. Also certain variations exist, in some instances, 111 dates, data, spelling, punctuation; and plans of organization. in the selection of suitable materials such duplications were almost unavoidable. Forewc Ackno‘ Chapte \ CONTENTS Foreword ................................................. 354 Acknowledgments ......................................... 356 Chapter I. National and State Wealth .......................... 363 ation ‘1 A. Standards and \Vealth ........................... 363 lletin B. Fundamental Foundations ....................... 363 file] II. The Four Basic Factors ............................ 375 A. Kentucky People ............................... 375 , B. Physical Environment ........................... 376 Iorld C. Institutions ..................................... 375) Jrces D. Ideals and Traditions ............................ 380 mes; [Ken- IH. Kentucky Physical Regions and Other Factors ........ 387 .ncy- A. Physical Regions ............................... 387 qky; B. Principal Rivers ................................ 392 Hons . C. Forest Resources ................................ 399 taryf' D. Mineral Resources .............................. 401 r 0 31W IV. A Thumbnail Sketch of Kentucky History ............. 411 etm. A. History—~M0und Builders—Indians ............... 411 B. Exploration and Settlement ...................... 412 C. Kentucky Grows into Statehood .................. 412 . D. The State of Kentucky ........................... 414 10115 E. Chronology of Kentucky’s History ............... 416 4, 1n _ In V. Recent Enterprises and Other Data . . . _ ................ 423 ”St A. Kentucky’s Parks and Forests ................... 423 f B. Kentucky Highways . . . ‘ .......................... 433 C. Population Growth .............................. 434 D. Partial List of Prominent Kentuckians ............ 435 , E. State Educational Institutions .................... 443 F. State \Velfare and Other Institutions ............. 444 i G. Kentucky Counties and County Seats .............. 445 H. Kentucky Cities ................................ 446 I. Kentucky Government ........................... 447 J . Kentucky State Department of Education ......... 449 357 . How Kentuckians Make A Living ................... 455 A. Kentuckians and Their \Vork ................... 4:35 B. Kentucky’s Pioneer Days and improvements ...... 456 . C. Industrial Development of Kentucky ............. 461 'i D. Kentucky’s Mineral and Forest Resources . . . . . . . .. 463 VII. The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky ........................................ 471 A. Preamble ..................................... 471 B. Bill of Rights .................................. 471 0. Legislative Department ......................... 474 D. The Executive Department, ..................... 482 E. The Judicial Department ....................... 488 F. Miscellaneous Subjects ......................... 494 l. Amendments .................................. 51$ ; Appendix ................................................ 525 Kentucky Materials ................................... 525 Bibliography ......................................... :37? H T L A E W E T A T S D N A L A N O I T A N I,” :hmaymnxm‘mwm "k. W KNOW YOUR AMERICA The United States possesses 45 percent of the world’s wealth and 60 percent of the monetary gold. Of the annual world supply of oil it produces (32 percent; of iron, steel, copper, lead, zinc, and coal, 33 1/3 percent; of cotton, 50 percent; and of wheat, 20 percent. Such resources are the heritage of our 132 million people. The great problems of our country seem small when measured against these vast resources. People are more important than thing's. \Vhat of our people? In 1790 our population was nearly all rural; today it is more urban than rural. ln 1880. l-l percent of the population was under 5 )‘PHI‘S of age; in 1930, only 9 percent. More than 2 million babies are born each year. The birthrate in cities is too low to maintain their popula- tion. Only the influx from rural areas enables the large cities to survive. —N.E.A. Leaflet No. 58 THINGE 1. fifteent 2. Kentuc 3. The pm 4. sions, \ made ( wealth printet ,. o. motto 6. was at 1792. this b 7. of Re 8 s 9 10 1 191E Chapt fort, l 'ealth lppli' , and 'eent. great these )ple‘? rban rears born )ula— s to ). 58 THINGS KENTUGKIANS SHOULD KNOW THE COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY 1. Statehood: Kentucky was admitted into the Union as the fifteenth state 011 June 17 1792. 2. Seat of Government: Lexington was the first capital of Kentucky. 111 1793 the capital was moved to Frankfort, Kentucky. 3. Capitol Buildings: Kentucky has had six capitol buildings. The present Capitol Building was completed in 1909. 4. State Flag: The State flag of Kentucky varying in dimen- sions, was approved by legislative action on March 26, 1918. It is made of “navy blue silk or bunting, with the seal of the Common- wealth of Kentucky encircled by a wreath of goldenrod, embroidered, printed or stamped on the center thereof.”1 5. State Motto: “United we stand, divided we fall” is the motto of Kentucky. 6. State Seal: The seal of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was authorized by an act of the General Assembly and approved in 1792. Kentucky’s seal is illustrated by the plate on the title page of this bulletin. 7. State Song: “My Old Kentucky Home” is the state song 0f Kentucky. 8. State Bird: Kentucky cardinal is the official state bird. 9. State Flower: The state flower is the goldenrod. 10. State Tree: The state tree is the tulip or “yellow poplar.” —\ 1 1918 Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky; Chapter 40, page 125. The State Journal Publishing Company, Frank- fort, Kentucky, 1918. 361 r! zmwznv 2; warn-fiaxav: lit-if F‘s? THINGS KENTUCKIANS SHOULD KNOW “FIVE KINDS OF RESOURCES” “Man’s resources today fall into five large classes. His first resource is himself. Second, he has the materials he finds in nature. These are the two resources with which primitive man worked. Third, man today has developed the knowledge and skill with which he uses nature’s materials. Fourth, he has capital as a resource. With capital wealth he carries on business and gets some of the things he needs. Fifth, man has all the institutions and organizations he has made. \Vith these institutional resources people help each other in living- and making a living.” Vance, Rupert B., Ivey, John E., Jr._. and Bond, Marjorie N. ExPlOng the South, pp. 20—21, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1949. Guide Cl and we are de; similai terials Actuai ’l‘i tucky a com menta (3) tk or a eleme The I E dance ward 21de great peov' Phys farm ple i envii atmc plati shor and 1 Fir and 1948. first ' ,ture. hird, uses With . tings ‘ s he ther ring apel CHAPTER I NATIONAL AND STATE WEALTH A. STANDARDS AND WEALTH Guide and Standard Chapter I is a brief presentation of the basic factors for a strong and wealthy nation and a great and prosperous state. The materials are designed to serve as guides and standards for the evaluation of similar materials on Kentucky. Plans for organization of the ma- terials in the other chapters are similar in pattern. Actual and Potential Wealth The United States is a great country with much wealth. Ken— tucky is a great state with much potential wealth. The greatness of a country depends on at least four major factors. The four funda- mental factors are: (1) the people, (2) the physical environment, (3) the institutions, and (4) the ideals and traditions. If a country or a state has these four fundamentals, all the other necessary elements become secondary and can be supplied. B. FUNDAMENTAL FOUNDATIONS The People Factor number one is the people. A nation may have an abun- dance of natural resources and, yet, remain undeveloped and back- ward. Without people, institutions and ideals are nonexistent. An adequate number of intelligent and enterprising people is a country’s greatest possession. All the other factors Without an industrious People mean very little or almost nothing. Physical Environment Factor number two is the physical environment. With an un- favorable physical environment the cultural development 01’ a peo— ple is severely limited. The more important factors 0f the physical environment fall Within four major categories.1 They are: (1) the atmosphere—weather and climate; (2) landforms—valleys; plains, plateaus, hill country, and mountainS; (3) the oceans and their Shores; and (4) earth resources—4011, water, vegetation, animal life, and minerals. K 1 Finch, Vernor C., Trewartha, Glenn T., and Shearer, M. H. The Earth (113:3 Its Resources, p. v., McGraw, Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 363 3.: 15.3557}! Libiigfim Gil—u 7: 1. Atmosphere: “The principal elements of the atmosphere that largely determine the Weather or climate at any given time or place are temperature and precipitation. In addition to these are such elements as atmospheric pressure, Winds, storms, and visibility. . ., Of the various elements of natural environment that affect the use- fulness of the earth’s regions for human beings, such as climate, landforms, minerals, soils, and native vegetation, climate probably is the most important single item."2 (a) Climatic Controls: The principal climatic controls are these: (1) latitude; (2) distribution of land and water; (8) Winds; (4) elevation; (5) mountain barriers; (6) high and low—pressure centers; (7) ocean currents; and (8) storms of various kinds.3 (b) Chief Element: Climate . . . is the most important element of environment. It has much to do with people’s daily work habits . and their occupations. . . . The two most important elements of climate are temperature and rainfall.4 3 (c) Temperature and Precipitation: “All average temperatures for a month, season, year, or even a long period of years are built upon the mean (average) daily temperature as the basic unit.5 . .. Precipitation may fall in the form of rain, snow, sleet, 0r hail. In case it falls in the solid form, it is melted, and the water is measured in a standard rain gage. Ordinarily, 8 to 12 inches of snow Will equal 1 inch of rain.”6 2. Landforms: 'l‘he landforms comprise about 29 percent of the earth’s surface. The different landforms are: (1) valleys, (2) plains, (3) plateaus, (4) hills. and (5) mountains. A very large part of the landforms are unsuited for “permanent human abode.” (a) Land Area: “The total area of the land surface of the earth, about 51 million square miles, is equal to about 17 times the area of the United States. Upon this rather restricted surface the entire human population of the earth resides and tries to secure a living- Hoxvever, large parts of the land, for one reason or another, are poorly suited to human occupation or use. . . ."7 2 Ibid, pp. 21—22. 3 Ibid., p. 22. 4 Ibid., p. 30. 1pm., p. 29. Ibid., p. 527. Ibid., p. 5. ‘TQUI 3. cent 0: is uns yet, at in the of ani shores scenic resort 4. are S1 espcci porta: with ( water soil, z ganie is tht anim. ( great land preci man are : varii ham 20 g 8 1b: 9 u 10 n 'e that place a such e use- Imate, bably these: ; (4) iters ; nt of ‘ abits ts of ;ures built L In lred qua] (2) )art rth, rea tire ng. are 3. Oceans and Their Shores: The oceans occupy about 71 per— cent of the earth’s surface. This large area of the earth’s surface is unsuited for human habitation. The oceans and their shores, yet, are useful to man in many ways. Oceans are important factors in the modification of the climate. They contain a great variety of animal life and are a rich source of human food. Also the sea- shores are very useful to man. They provide harbors for ships, scenic attractions, fishing grounds, and recreation and summer resorts. 4. Earth Resources: Among the more important earth resources are soils, water, vegetation, animal life, and minerals. In life, especially modern life, the earth’s resources have become more im- portant in many ways to man. This statement is particularly true with the mineral resources. (a) Soil: “Of all the natural resources of the earth, soil, and water are two of the most necessary to man’s existence. . . . 8 The soil, a resource of tremendous importance, is made up of both inor- ganic and organic materials. XVith inorganic rock fragments, which is the basis of soils, are mingled variable quantities of plant and animal remains and a world of microscopic organisms.”9 (b) Water: “Water, like air, is a natural resource demanded in great quantity by both plant and animal life. . . . The waters of the land are derived, either directly or indirectly, from atmospheric Precipitation. . . . Water supplies and water bodies are useful to man in many different ways, some of the more important of Which are: (1) For numerous uses around the home. (2) For industrial purposes. (3) For the irrigation of crops. (4) For the production of mechanical power. (5) As routes of inland transportation. (6) As added attractiveness to scenic or recreational areas. ‘The amount of water used for drinking and household supply varies greatly. Among the desert people it is small. On the other hand, In modern cities the daily per capita allowance may be 15 to 20 gallons.”10 \ 8 Ibid-, p. 424. 9 beid.,p. 353_ 1° abide pp. 363-364. 365 . A, -~i-._ _._.‘-.,/-i . .4 mireaiis'ixmwmw; (c) Vegetation and Animal Life: “Among the natural resources of the earth, few are more important than native vegetation and associated animal life. To be sure, certain native plants and animals have been modified and improved by man’s scientific methods. Nevertheless, remaining natural forests are our principal source of lumber; natural grass-covered areas are valuable grazing lands; and native animals of land and sea are sources of food, skins, and fur.”11 ((1) Mineral Resources: “Modern industrial civilization is based to a large extent upon the mineral fuels, principally coal and petro- leum. . . . In addition to water and mineral fuels, the earth provides many inorganic substances for human use. . . 3’12 (e) Value of Metals: “Before the beginning of written history men knew the value of certain metals, and they sought the materials from which they might be obtained. Man’s intelligent use of the metals is largely responsible for the material progress enjoyed by civilization today. It is convenient to think of two great groups of metals: (1) Precious or Semiprecious: Precious or semiprecious metals occur in relatively small amounts. Examples are gold, silver, platinum, chromium, tungsten, and nickel. (2) Nonprecious: Nonprecious metals occur in relatively large amounts. Examples are iron, copper, lead, zinc, and aluminum. These metals are called nonprecious, yet as a group they are DION useful to man than are the precious metals.”13 (f) Iron Ore: “In the United States much more iron ore is mined and used than in any other country of the world. This is in part made possible by the high quality, ease of mining, and convenith location of the ores of Lake Superior region. Several bodies of ore are located in this region, which includes parts of northern Minne- sota, \Visconsin, and Michigan.”14 (g) Other Metals: Aluminum, lead, and zinc are found in rather large quantities in the United States. In numerous ways these metals are useful to man. Copper, nickel, and tin are valuable 111 the 11 Ibid., p. 393. 12 Ibid., pp. 444, 458. 13 Ibid., p. 458. 14 Ibid., p. 460. mHH—{UJFDW 1.: «res and uh >ds. irce .ds ; and sad tro- ides .ory ials the by ups tals ver, zely um. lore ned )art ient ore ther nese the industrial life of a country. Silver, gold, and platinum are some of our most valuable precious metals. (h) Non-metallic Minerals: Among the valuable non-metallic minerals are quartz, lime, clay, and gypsum. In our economy salt, sulphur, and mineral fertilizers are valuable. Examples of the min- eral fertilizers are lime, potash, phosphorous, and nitrogen. 5. Conservation of Natural Resources: “More and more atten- tion must be given to the conservation of these natural resources. Such conservation involves one or all of the following: (1) the sen- sible and economic consumption of resources now existing, (2) the protection of certain animals and plants almost exterminated by man, and (3) the replenishing of supplies of natural resources when- ever possible for the use of future g.§e11erati011s.”15 THE BASIC INSTITUTIONS 1. Third Major Factor: The basic institutions are the third major factor. In time the life of man is relatively short while that of the institution is rather long. Consequently, man has organized institutions to give greater permanency and security to his achieve- ments and ways of life. In nature institutions are social, educational, religious, economic, and political. Examples are the home and family, the school, the church, industry and commerce, and government. In modern life the services of these basic institutions are indis- pensable. Many other institutions render invaluable services to man in his way of life. 2. Wants and Needs: In modern life man’s wants and needs are many. He has many economic needs, social needs, intellectual needs, recreational needs, and spiritual needs. “One man, working alone, cannot manage to have these things. But groups of people working and planning together may have them. People have made schools and colleges and universities for themselves. They have made hospitals, churches, and art galleries, libraries, orchestras, and government itself. All these and many other organizations, have been created by the people to help fill their various needs. Such organizations are part of the institutional wealth of the world.”16 15 I'bid., p. 393. 16 Vance, Rupert B. ,Ivey, John E., Jr., and Bond, Marjorie N. Exploring The South, p. 23. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel H111 North Carolina, 1949. 367 Ideals and Traditions 1. Fourth Major Factor: The, fourth major factor is the ideals and traditions. A country to be great needs convictions to live by and ideals to achieve. The American people have expressed their ideals in the Declaration of lndependence, the Preamble to the Con- stitution, and in American’s Creed. 2. Inalienable Rights: The Declaration of Independence gives us these ideals of democracy for which to seek: “We hold these truths to be self—evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalien- able rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and pursuit of Happi- ness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” 3. Objectives in Preamble: The Preamble to the Constitution sets forth these objectives in the form of ideals for achievement. There are six objectives in number. They are the following: “We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquillity, provide for the Common Defense, promote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” 4. American’s Creed: The third document which sets out in a very concise form many of the American objectives and ideals is the American’s Creed. It contains these statements: “I believe in the United States of America as a government by the people, of the people, and for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign nation of many sovereign states; a perfECt union, one and inseparable, established upon the principles of free- dom, equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to 10V support its constitution; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; defend it against all enemies.” e it; to and to 5. Four Categories: These three documents afford us excellent sources for our ideals and objectives. \Ve have, an abundance of literature that is rich in American ideals and traditions. The Ameri- can ideals and traditions may be grouped into four major categories- The four are the following: Humanity: In a democracy dignity and worth are accorded to the individual. 368 st: of in< th ho r frt re' 751%?!) ES 1- j. lg :1 >11 re ie re 1d Freedom: In a democracy freedom consistent with the social stability is a right of the individual. Equality: In a democracy equality of opportunity is the heritage of the individual. Justice: In a democracy justice is a recognized right of the individual. 6. Means of Attainment: What are some of the means whereby the people may attain these ideals? It is generally recognized that cooperation, intelligence, morality, and prosperity are four essential means for such achievement. Through these means and ways we hope to approach nearer to the ideals of humanity, the different freedoms, equalities of opportunity, and justice in our human relationships. 7. Different Phases of Kentucky: The other chapters of this bulletin are devoted to the different phases of Kentucky—people, physical environment, institutions, and our national ideals and traditions in which Kentuckians should. share. As stated in the preface the materials which have been assembled and incorporated were selected from several different sources. Originality is not claimed. It is hoped that the materials contained herein will be helpful to the Kentucky school children and teachers. A CREED FOR AMERICANS “We believe in the dignity of man and the worth and value of every living soul, no matter in what body housed, no matter whether born in comfort or born in poverty, no matter to what stock he belongs, What creed he professes, what job he holds.” —Stephen Vincent Benet. 370 S R 0 T C A F C I S A B R U 0 F E H T imitimfiwé: v~ DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES Democracy has four parts, set forth or implied in the Consti- tution and federal statutes: [1] Political—Freedom to vote on public issues; freedom to discuss those issues in public gatherings, in press, radio, and movies. [2] EGenomic—Freedom to work and to participate in organiza» tions and discussions to raise living standards. [3] Social—Freedom from oppression based on theories of su— periority or inferiority. [74] Relay/0its—Freedom of worship, with separation of church and state. \Vith these freedoms are associated responsibilities. With free- dom of the press goes responsibility for accuracy in news. Analysls 0f propagandas associated with these freedoms and reSponsibilitles will help prepare yOllllg‘ people for responsible citizenship. —Clyde R. Miller. 372 Ine sti- t0 'ies. iza- Sll- u'ch ysis ties THINGS KENTUGKIANS SHOULD KNOW Kl 10. 11. 12. TWELVE ANNUAL STATE EVENTS Mule Day, Mayfield, third Monday in February. Keeneland Races, Lexington, in April (no fixed date). Allen County Singing Convention, Scottsville, first Sunday in May; also first Sunday in October. Kentucky Colonels’ Fete, Louisville, 011 the eve of the Ken- tucky Derby in May. Kentucky Derby, Churchill Downs, Louisville, first or second Saturday in May. . Old Southern Harmony Singing Festival, Benton, fourth Sunday in May. . Mountain Laurel Festival, Pineville, May or June (no fixed date). . American Folk Song Festival, Traipsin’s Woman’s Cabin, near Ashland, second Sunday in June. . Kentucky Pioneer Memorial Celebration, IIarrodsburg, July 16. State Fair, Louisville, second or third week in September. Annual Trotting Races, Lexington, In October (no date fixed). Tobacco Festival, Lexington, last week in November. The World Book Encyclopedia, V01. ‘10, p. 4141. Field Enterprises, Inc., Chicago, 1950. THINGS KENTUCKIANS SHOULD KNOW KENTUCKY’S RESOURCES “The state’s greatest reservoir of resources is its people. While the state is also a vast storehouse of natural resources, these are important only to the extent that the people possess technical knowl- edge and skill to use them to the best advantage. It is one of the chief functions of education to give people an understanding of nature’s laws and of how to apply these laws to meet the needs of all. Lack of understanding and failure to cooperate with nature result in the destruction of resources, and consequently in low standards of living for many people, now and in the future.” Kentucky Resources, Bulletin of the Bureau of School Service, V01. 18, No. 2, p. 11. University of Kentucky, Lexington, 1945. Presel A 2,931,£ greate Natim A Kentu are la Polish tueky’ Rural K classif urban Popul: O densit squarc Occup II follow whole; persor 111g, 7 etc, 5 financ servic 6%; ; Schooi O The e] x " Prelj CHAPTER II . THE FOUR BASIC FACTORS ‘ A. KENTUCKY PEOPLE Present Population According to the 1950 census Kentucky has a population of 2,931,588* or an increase of 3.5% over the 1940 census. Kentucky’s greatest resource is her people. Nationality As a whole Kentuckians are native born. The population of Kentucky is less than 10% Negro. Kentuckians of foreign birth are largely Germans, Russians, Italians, English, Irish, Canadians, Polish, and Swiss. Germans constitute about one third of Ken- tucky’s foreign; population. Rural and Urban ile Kentucky is a rural state. The United States Census Bureau ’; ire classifies about 70% of Kentucky population as rural and 30% as vl- urban. he Population Density of Of the southern states Kentucky ranks second in population Lll. density. North Carolina has the largest number of people per tilt square mile. Kentucky has around 72 people per square mile. s Occupational Groups In 1940 the occupational groups of Kentucky were listed in the 01. following order: (1) agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 36.5%; (2) wholesale and retail trade, 12.5%; (3) manufacturing, 11.9%; (4) personal services—hotel, domestic, laiuidering, etc‘., 7.6%; (5) min- mg, 7.1%; (6) transportation, communication, and other public , utilities, 6.3%; (7) professional services—medical, legal, educational, , 9.130., 5.5%; (8) construction, 42%; (9) government, 3.1%; (10) ‘ 2 finance, insurance, and real estate, 1.8%; (11) business and repair " SerVice, 1.6%; (12) amusement, recreation, and related services, -6%; and (13) workers not accounted for,